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Emigration After Eu Enlargement: Was There A Brain Drain Effect In The Case Of Estonia?

Author

Listed:
  • Kristi Anniste
  • Tiit Tammaru
  • Enel Pungas
  • Tiiu Paas

Abstract

The study analyzes changes in emigration from Estonia in order to shed more light on East–West migration, contributing to the main debate on “brain drain” by focusing on educational differences in emigration. We use anonymous individual level data for all emigrants from the register-based Estonian Emigration Database compiled by Statistics Estonia for the period 2000–2008. The analysis shows that there has been no significant brain drain from Estonia as a new EU member state during this period. Moreover, we find evidence of a spreading of the emigration norm into a wider range of population groups, including the less educated, since Estonia joined the European Union in 2004.

Suggested Citation

  • Kristi Anniste & Tiit Tammaru & Enel Pungas & Tiiu Paas, 2012. "Emigration After Eu Enlargement: Was There A Brain Drain Effect In The Case Of Estonia?," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 87, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
    • Handle: RePEc:mtk:febawb:87
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Joop Beer & James Raymer & Rob Erf & Leo Wissen, 2010. "Overcoming the Problems of Inconsistent International Migration data: A New Method Applied to Flows in Europe [Surmonter les problèmes d’incohérences des données sur les migrations internationales:," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 26(4), pages 459-481, November.
    9. Ali Mansoor & Bryce Quillin, 2007. "Migration and Remittances : Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6920.
    10. James Hughes, 2005. "‘Exit’ in Deeply Divided Societies: Regimes of Discrimination in Estonia and Latvia and the Potential for Russophone Migration," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(4), pages 739-762, November.
    11. Drinkwater, Stephen & Eade, John & Garapich, Michal, 2006. "Poles Apart? EU Enlargement and the Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrants in the UK," IZA Discussion Papers 2410, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
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    Cited by:

    1. Mihails Hazans, 2016. "Migration Experience of the Baltic Countries in the Context of Economic Crisis," Springer Books, in: Martin Kahanec & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Labor Migration, EU Enlargement, and the Great Recession, pages 297-344, Springer.
    2. Bergbauer, Annika B., 2019. "How did EU membership of Eastern Europe affect student achievement?," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 27(6), pages 624-644.
    3. Tiiu Paas, 2014. "Cross-border labour mobility: are East-West and East-East cross-border labour flows differ?," ERSA conference papers ersa14p50, European Regional Science Association.
    4. Jekaterina Navicke, 2020. "Driving factors behind the changes in income distribution in the Baltics: income, policy, demography," GRAPE Working Papers 44, GRAPE Group for Research in Applied Economics.
    5. Tiiu Paas & Mart Kaska, 2014. "Geographical labour mobility and cross-border labour movements between neighbouring countries," Gecomplexity Discussion Paper Series 2, Action IS1104 "The EU in the new complex geography of economic systems: models, tools and policy evaluation", revised Nov 2014.
    6. Panzaru Ciprian & Reisz Robert D., 2017. "Brain Drain Migration from Romanian Academia. The End of a Mirage," European Review of Applied Sociology, Sciendo, vol. 10(14), pages 34-48, June.
    7. Mart Kaska & Tiiu Paas, 2013. "Cross-Border Labour Flows From Estonia To Neighbouring Countries," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 91, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
    8. Marta Kaska & Tiiu Paas, 2013. "An empirical analysis of cross-border labour mobility in the case of Estonia," Norface Discussion Paper Series 2013016, Norface Research Programme on Migration, Department of Economics, University College London.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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