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Absolute or relative? A comparative analysis of the relationship between poverty and mortality

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  • Johan Fritzell
  • Johan Rehnberg
  • Jennie Bacchus Hertzman
  • Jenni Blomgren

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to examine the cross-national and cross-temporal association between poverty and mortality, in particular differentiating the impact of absolute and relative poverty. Methods: We employed pooled cross-sectional time series analysis. Our measure of relative poverty was based upon the standard 60 percent of median income. The measure of absolute, or fixed, poverty we based upon the US poverty threshold. Our analyses were conducted on data for 30 countries between 1978 and 2010, a total of 149 data points. We separately studied infant, child and adult mortality. Results: Our findings highlight the importance of relative poverty for mortality. Especially for infant and child mortality we found that our estimates of fixed poverty is close to zero either in the crude models, or when adjusting for GDP. Conversely, the relative poverty estimates increased when adjusting for confounders. Our results seemed robust to a number of sensitivity tests. Conclusions: If we agree that risk of death is important, the public policy implication of our findings is that relative poverty, which has close associations to overall inequality, should be a major concern also among rich countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Johan Fritzell & Johan Rehnberg & Jennie Bacchus Hertzman & Jenni Blomgren, 2015. "Absolute or relative? A comparative analysis of the relationship between poverty and mortality," LIS Working papers 637, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    • Handle: RePEc:lis:liswps:637
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Beck, Nathaniel & Katz, Jonathan N., 1995. "What To Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 89(3), pages 634-647, September.
    2. Johan Fritzell & Olli Kangas & Jennie Bacchus Hertzman & Jenni Blomgren & Heikki Hiilamo, 2013. "Cross-Temporal and Cross-National Poverty and Mortality Rates among Developed Countries," LIS Working papers 582, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
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    9. Nelson, Kenneth & Fritzell, Johan, 2014. "Welfare states and population health: The role of minimum income benefits for mortality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 63-71.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Decerf,Benoit Marie A, 2022. "Normative Indicators Combining Poverty and Mortality : A Survey," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10042, The World Bank.
    3. Baltica Cabieses & Richard Cookson & Manuel Espinoza & Gillian Santorelli & Iris Delgado, 2015. "Did Socioeconomic Inequality in Self-Reported Health in Chile Fall after the Equity-Based Healthcare Reform of 2005? A Concentration Index Decomposition Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-21, September.
    4. Waziri, Salisu Ibrahim & Mohamed Nor, Norashidah & Law, Siong Hook & Hassan, Azman, 2018. "Access to Safe Drinking Water, Good Sanitation, Occurrence of Under-Five Mortality and Standard of Living in Developing Countries: System GMM Approach," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 52(2), pages 279-289.
    5. Dandara Ramos & Nívea B da Silva & Maria Yury Ichihara & Rosemeire L Fiaccone & Daniela Almeida & Samila Sena & Poliana Rebouças & Elzo Pereira Pinto Júnior & Enny S Paixão & Sanni Ali & Laura C Rodri, 2021. "Conditional cash transfer program and child mortality: A cross-sectional analysis nested within the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(9), pages 1-20, September.
    6. Edward B. Barbier & Jacob P. Hochard, 2019. "Poverty-Environment Traps," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 74(3), pages 1239-1271, November.

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