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Beschäftigung Älterer in Deutschland: Der unvollständige Paradigmenwechsel

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  • Eichhorst, Werner

    (IZA)

Abstract

Die Arbeitsmarktintegration älterer Erwerbspersonen ist in Deutschland nach wie vor unbefriedigend. Die vorliegende Analyse erklärt diesen Befund mit institutionellen Einflussgrößen wie Arbeitsmarktregulierung, Transferleistungen, aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik sowie Entlohnungsstrukturen und Weiterbildung zu erklären. Es wird prüft, inwieweit sich die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen für die Beschäftigung Älterer im Zuge der jüngsten Reformen verbessert haben. Handlungsbedarf besteht weiterhin in den Transfersystemen, in der Regulierung des Arbeitsmarktes, der Arbeitsmarktpolitik und im Bereich der arbeitsmarktbezogenen Weiterbildung. Essentiell ist eine konsistente und "altersneutrale" Rahmensetzung, die den Akteuren auf dem Arbeitsmarkt eindeutige Signale setzt, damit sie sich entsprechend anpassen können. Despite a sequence of labor market reforms in recent years, employment of older workers in Germany is still lower than in many other European countries. The paper explains this by institutional factors that affect labor supply, labor demand and matching, i.e. labor market regulation, human capital formation, wages as well as the availability of active labor market policy and social benefits. It can be shown that the institutional framework currently in place in Germany is inconsistent. Further reforms are needed to create better employment opportunities for older workers. This implies the abolishment of still existing incentives for early retirement, a more flexible labor law, stronger capacities for human capital formation through "life-long learning" and a consistent strategy to activate older job seekers.

Suggested Citation

  • Eichhorst, Werner, 2006. "Beschäftigung Älterer in Deutschland: Der unvollständige Paradigmenwechsel," IZA Discussion Papers 1985, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp1985
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marco Caliendo & Viktor Steiner, 2005. "Aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland: Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung der mikroökonomischen Evaluationsergebnisse," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 515, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
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    3. Romain Duval, 2003. "The Retirement Effects of Old-Age Pension and Early Retirement Schemes in OECD Countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 370, OECD Publishing.
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    5. Börsch-Supan, Axel & Düzgün, Ismail & Weiss, Matthias, 2005. "Altern und Produktivität: Zum Stand der Forschung," MEA discussion paper series 05073, Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA) at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
    6. Jonathan Gruber & David A. Wise, 1999. "Social Security and Retirement around the World," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number grub99-1, July.
    7. Konle-Seidl, Regina, 2005. "Lessons learned: Internationale Evaluierungsergebnisse zu Wirkungen aktiver und aktivierender Arbeitsmarktpolitik," IAB-Forschungsbericht 200509, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Graf, Nikolaus & Hofer, Helmut & Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf, 2011. "Labor supply effects of a subsidized old-age part-time scheme in Austria," Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung - Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 44(3), pages 217-229.
    2. Frosch, Katharina, 2006. "Reemployment rates over the life course: Is there still hope after late career job loss?," Thuenen-Series of Applied Economic Theory 64, University of Rostock, Institute of Economics.
    3. W. Eichhorst & M. Grienberger-Zingerle & R. Konle-Seidl, 2008. "Activation Policies in Germany: From Status Protection to Basic Income Support," Springer Books, in: Werner Eichhorst & Otto Kaufmann & Regina Konle-Seidl (ed.), Bringing the Jobless into Work?, pages 17-67, Springer.
    4. Dietz, Martin & Walwei, Ulrich, 2011. "Germany - no country for old workers?," Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung - Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 44(4), pages 363-376.
    5. Werner Eichhors & Hilmar Schneider & Klaus F. Zimmermann, 2006. "Konzentration statt Verzettelung: Die deutsche Arbeitsmarktpolitik am Scheideweg," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 7(3), pages 377-394, August.
    6. Eichhorst, Werner & Kaiser, Lutz C., 2006. "The German Labor Market: Still Adjusting Badly?," IZA Discussion Papers 2215, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Eichhorst, Werner, 2007. "Wachstumsaspekte der Arbeitsmarktpolitik - Von den Nachbarn lernen," IZA Research Reports 13, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    labor market policies; older workers; early retirement; Germany;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • J48 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Particular Labor Markets; Public Policy
    • J68 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Public Policy

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