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COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA

Author

Listed:
  • Jakubowski, Maciej

    (University of Warsaw)

  • Gajderowicz, Tomasz

    (University of Warsaw)

  • Patrinos, Harry A.

    (World Bank)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruption in schooling worldwide. This paper uses global test score data to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend using data from all rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students. Educational losses may translate into significant national income losses over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Jakubowski, Maciej & Gajderowicz, Tomasz & Patrinos, Harry A., 2024. "COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA," IZA Discussion Papers 16731, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16731
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Noam Angrist & Simeon Djankov & Pinelopi K. Goldberg & Harry A. Patrinos, 2021. "Measuring human capital using global learning data," Nature, Nature, vol. 592(7854), pages 403-408, April.
    2. Crawfurd, Lee & Evans, David K. & Hares, Susannah & Sandefur, Justin, 2023. "Live tutoring calls did not improve learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    3. Noam Angrist & Peter Bergman & Moitshepi Matsheng, 2022. "Experimental evidence on learning using low-tech when school is out," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 6(7), pages 941-950, July.
    4. Carlana, Michela & La Ferrara, Eliana, 2021. "Apart but Connected: Online Tutoring and Student Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic," CEPR Discussion Papers 15761, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Rebecca Jack & Emily Oster, 2023. "COVID-19, School Closures, and Outcomes," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 37(4), pages 51-70, Fall.
    6. Jakubowski, Maciej & Gajderowicz, Tomasz & Patrinos, Harry Anthony, 2023. "Global learning loss in student achievement: First estimates using comparable reading scores," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    7. João Pedro & Amer Hasan & Diana Goldemberg & Koen Geven & Syedah Aroob Iqbal, 2021. "Simulating the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on Schooling and Learning Outcomes: A Set of Global Estimates [Tackling Inequity in Education during and after COVID-19]," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 36(1), pages 1-40.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    student achievement; learning loss; COVID-19; PISA; international large-scale assessments;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I19 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Other
    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General

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    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

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