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Comparative analysis of the motherhood gap in employment and wages: the role of family policies and their interaction

Author

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  • Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska

    (Faculty of Economic Sciences-University of Warsaw)

Abstract

The paper documents employment and wage gaps, which arise between mothers and childless women, for a set of 28 European countries. The role of family policies in explaining these inequalities is then examined by looking at a single policy as well as childcare and leave policies interaction. The findings from the fixed effects model reveal that childcare coverage for small children and the length of maternity and paid parental leaves are important for explaining the size of the motherhood gap in employment. The impact of the leaves depends, however, on childcare availability: long maternity leaves combined with high childcare coverage lead to greater employment gap than when the coverage is low. The results do not prove that the interaction effect is present for the motherhood wage gap, which is found to be predominantly affected by the length of paid parental leave.

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska, 2016. "Comparative analysis of the motherhood gap in employment and wages: the role of family policies and their interaction," Budapest Working Papers on the Labour Market 1601, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:has:bworkp:1601
    as

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    File URL: http://www.econ.core.hu/file/download/bwp/bwp1601.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    family gap; maternal employment; family policies; childcare;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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