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Choisir ou être choisi

Author

Listed:
  • Julien Gargani

    (GEOPS - Géosciences Paris Saclay - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CIEEIST - Centre Interdisciplinaire d'Étude de l'Évolution des Idées, des Sciences et des Techniques - Centre d'Alembert, Université Paris-Saclay - Centre d'Alembert, EST - Etudes sur les sciences et les techniques - Université Paris-Saclay)

  • Annick Jacq

    (EST - Etudes sur les sciences et les techniques - Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay)

Abstract

La sélection est omniprésente : dans la nature comme dans la société. Elle joue un rôle clé dans l'interprétation de l'évolution biologique, à travers la théorie de l'évolution du vivant, mais aussi dans la compréhension du fonctionnement des activités économiques, par le biais de la concurrence et des « lois du marché ». Elle est souvent présentée comme le processus le plus pertinent pour atteindre la meilleure adéquation entre souhaits et possibilités, besoins et ressources. Elle régirait de nombreuses activités sociales et culturelles. L'excellence émergerait alors par la sélection. Le principe de la sélection apparaît ainsi comme une loi organisant à la fois la dynamique du monde vivant et celle des organisations sociales. Cependant, le discours qui érige la sélection en « loi naturelle », rationnelle et efficace, s'appliquant indistinctement au monde vivant comme au monde social, est aujourd'hui largement questionné. Connaître la sélection, ce n'est pas seulement la subir : c'est aussi prendre conscience des procédures explicites et implicites qui la produisent, des causes qui la motivent, des justifications qui la légitiment, des effets qu'elle exerce sur les individus et les collectifs. C'est ce chemin vers la connaissance que les diverses perspectives réunies dans cet ouvrage cherchent à faire émerger. À travers trois grandes parties – sur la nature de la sélection, ses effets sur la production des inégalités, et les tensions entre sélection, organisation et émancipation –, les contributions croisent les regards de la biologie, de l'économie, de la sociologie et de l'informatique pour éclairer les logiques contemporaines de la sélection.

Suggested Citation

  • Julien Gargani & Annick Jacq, 2025. "Choisir ou être choisi," Post-Print hal-05392749, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05392749
    DOI: 10.52983/YTBG2291
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05392749v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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