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Italy's Volumetric, Scarce and Social-scarce water footprint: a Hydro Economic Input-Output Analysis

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  • Gino Sturla
  • Lorenzo Ciulla
  • Benedetto Rocchi

Abstract

This study estimates the pressure exerted by Italian consumption on domestic and foreign water resources, adopting the Water Embodied in Bilateral Trade (WEBT) and Multiregional Input Output (MRIO) approaches, and using the information of the most recent (year 2014) World Input-Output Database (WIOD). Disaggregated results are obtained at country/industry level, identifying geographical and sectoral hotspots. We compare the volumetric measure of the water footprint (WF) with its impact-based measure, the scarce water footprint (SWF), and propose the concept of scarce social water footprint (SoSWF) incorporating criteria of social goals fulfillment. We find that SWF represents 33.9% of volumetric WF, but the geographical breakdown reveals a relevant asymmetry between domestic and external water exploitation: while only 11.2% of domestic WF exploited scarce water resources, SWF for imports amounted to 54.9% of the water used to produce imported goods. The Italian external SWF is highly concentrated in manufacturing, agriculture and electricity, gas and water supply in China and India. About 43% of WF generated impacts on socially scarce water resources. The inclusion of social criteria in the assessment of WF deepens the asymmetries between domestic and external footprints (12.8% vs. 71.1% of WF).

Suggested Citation

  • Gino Sturla & Lorenzo Ciulla & Benedetto Rocchi, 2022. "Italy's Volumetric, Scarce and Social-scarce water footprint: a Hydro Economic Input-Output Analysis," Working Papers - Economics wp2022_17.rdf, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa.
    • Handle: RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2022_17.rdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Input-output; Water footprint; Water stress; Italy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models
    • Q25 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Water
    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General

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