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On the effects of unilateral environmental policy on offshoring in multi-stage production processes

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  • Oliver Schenker
  • Simon Koesler
  • Andreas Löschel

Abstract

We extend the literature on global supply chains by analyzing if and how unilateral environmental regulation induces offshoring. We develop an analytical model of two-stage production processes that can be distributed between two countries and investigate unilateral emission pricing and its supplementation with border carbon taxes. In contrast to existing final good models, we are able to show how impacts of regulation differ across the different stages of the supply chain, depending on the interplay of comparative advantages and general equilibrium effects. To get a more comprehensive picture, we subsequently apply a computable general equilibrium model that includes a representation of international supply chains. We find heterogeneous but mostly positive effects of a unilateral carbon emission reduction by the European Union on the degree of vertical specialization of European industries. Border taxes are successful in protecting upstream industries, but with negative side effects for downstream industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Oliver Schenker & Simon Koesler & Andreas Löschel, 2018. "On the effects of unilateral environmental policy on offshoring in multi-stage production processes," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 51(4), pages 1221-1256, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:cje:issued:v:51:y:2018:i:4:p:1221-1256
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12354
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    Cited by:

    1. Ward, Hauke & Radebach, Alexander & Vierhaus, Ingmar & Fügenschuh, Armin & Steckel, Jan Christoph, 2017. "Reducing global CO2 emissions with the technologies we have," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 201-217.
    2. Kandil, Narjes & Hammami, Ramzi & Battaïa, Olga, 2022. "Insourcing versus outsourcing decision under environmental considerations and different contract arrangements," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    3. Kaltenegger, Oliver & Löschel, Andreas & Pothen, Frank, 2017. "The effect of globalisation on energy footprints: Disentangling the links of global value chains," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(S1), pages 148-168.
    4. Misch, Florian & Wingender, Philippe, 2024. "Revisiting carbon leakage," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    5. Baccianti, Claudio, 2021. "Essays in economic growth and climate policy," Other publications TiSEM e5415454-40c2-4154-991e-6, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    6. Zhang, Danyang & Wang, Hui & Löschel, Andreas & Zhou, Peng, 2021. "The changing role of global value chains in CO2 emission intensity in 2000–2014," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    7. Kaltenegger, Oliver, 2020. "What drives total real unit energy costs globally? A novel LMDI decomposition approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    8. Naumann, Fabrice & Bolz, Simon Johannes & Richter, Philipp Moritz, 2022. "Offshoring and Environmental Policy: Firm Selection and Distributional Effects," VfS Annual Conference 2022 (Basel): Big Data in Economics 264086, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    9. Kaltenegger, Oliver, 2019. "What drives total real unit energy costs globally? A novel LMDI decomposition approach," CAWM Discussion Papers 110, University of Münster, Münster Center for Economic Policy (MEP).
    10. Fang, Yuan & Yu, Yugang & Shi, Ye & Liu, Jie, 2020. "The effect of carbon tariffs on global emission control: A global supply chain model," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models

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