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The Netting Efficiencies of Marketwide Central Clearing

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Abstract

Market disruptions in response to the COVID pandemic spurred calls for the consideration of marketwide central clearing of Treasury securities, which might better enable dealers to intermediate large customer trading flows. We assess the netting efficiencies of increased central clearing using nonpublic Treasury TRACE transactions data. We find that central clearing of all outright trades would have lowered dealers’ daily gross settlement obligations by roughly $330 billion (60 percent) in the weeks preceding and following the market disruptions of March 2020, but nearly $800 billion (70 percent) when trading was at its highest. We also find that expanded central clearing would have substantially lowered settlement fails. The estimated benefits would likely be greater if dealers’ auction purchases were included in the analysis or if the increased central clearing included repo transactions.

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  • Michael J. Fleming & Frank M. Keane, 2021. "The Netting Efficiencies of Marketwide Central Clearing," Staff Reports 964, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:90934
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adam Copeland & Michael J. Fleming & Frank M. Keane & Radhika Mithal, 2018. "Do You Know How Your Treasury Trades Are Cleared and Settled?," Liberty Street Economics 20180912, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    2. Berndsen, Ron, 2020. "Five Fundamental Questions on Central Counterparties," Discussion Paper 2020-028, Tilburg University, Center for Economic Research.
    3. Kenneth D. Garbade & Frank M. Keane & Lorie Logan & Amanda Stokes & Jennifer Wolgemuth, 2010. "The introduction of the TMPG fails charge for U.S. Treasury securities," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 16(Oct), pages 45-71.
    4. Michael J. Fleming & Frank M. Keane & Antoine Martin & Michael McMorrow, 2014. "What Explains the June Spike in Treasury Settlement Fails?," Liberty Street Economics 20140919a, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    5. Andreas Schrimpf & Hyun Song Shin & Vladyslav Sushko, 2020. "Leverage and margin spirals in fixed income markets during the Covid-19 crisis," BIS Bulletins 2, Bank for International Settlements.
    6. Michael J. Fleming & Kenneth D. Garbade, 2004. "Repurchase agreements with negative interest rates," Current Issues in Economics and Finance, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 10(Apr).
    7. Michael J. Fleming & Kenneth D. Garbade, 2005. "Explaining settlement fails," Current Issues in Economics and Finance, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 11(Sep).
    8. James Collin Harkrader & Michael Puglia, 2020. "Principal Trading Firm Activity in Treasury Cash Markets," FEDS Notes 2020-08-04, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    9. Doug Brain & Michiel De Pooter & Dobrislav Dobrev & Michael J. Fleming & Peter Johansson & Frank M. Keane & Michael Puglia & Tony Rodrigues & Or Shachar, 2018. "Breaking Down TRACE Volumes Further," FEDS Notes 2018-11-29, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
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    Blog mentions

    As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
    1. Optimal Settlement Speed
      by Steve Cecchetti and Kim Schoenholtz in Money, Banking and Financial Markets on 2021-05-03 13:20:03

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    Cited by:

    1. Scheicher, Martin, 2023. "Intermediation in US and EU bond and swap markets: stylised facts, trends and impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis in March 2020," ESRB Occasional Paper Series 24, European Systemic Risk Board.
    2. Christian Kubitza & Loriana Pelizzon & Mila Getmansky Sherman, 2024. "Loss Sharing in Central Clearinghouses: Winners and Losers," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(2), pages 237-273.
    3. Matthew O Jackson & Agathe Pernoud, 2024. "Credit Freezes, Equilibrium Multiplicity, and Optimal Bailouts in Financial Networks," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 37(7), pages 2017-2062.
    4. Eisenbach, Thomas M. & Kovner, Anna & Lee, Michael Junho, 2022. "Cyber risk and the U.S. financial system: A pre-mortem analysis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(3), pages 802-826.
    5. Thomas Richter, 2021. "Central Counterparties and Liquidity Provision in Cash Markets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-26, December.
    6. Casu, Barbara & Kalotychou, Elena & Katsoulis, Petros, 2025. "Stress testing OTC derivatives: Clearing reforms and market frictions," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    7. Fabienne Schneider, 2024. "On-the-run Premia, Settlement Fails, and Central Bank Access," Working Papers 24.05, Swiss National Bank, Study Center Gerzensee.
    8. Ari Kutai & Daniel Nathan & Milena Wittwer, 2024. "Exchanges for government bonds? Evidence during COVID-19," Bank of Israel Working Papers 2024.03, Bank of Israel.
    9. Cristina Di Luigi & Antonio Perrella & Alessio Ruggieri, 2024. "The fundamental role of the repo market and central clearing," Mercati, infrastrutture, sistemi di pagamento (Markets, Infrastructures, Payment Systems) 48, Bank of Italy, Directorate General for Markets and Payment System.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Treasury securities; central clearing; dealers; market structure; COVID-19;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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