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Credit risk transfer and de facto GSE reform

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Abstract

We summarize and evaluate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?s credit risk transfer (CRT) programs, which have been used since 2013 to shift a portion of credit risk on more than $1.8 trillion of mortgages to private sector investors. We argue that the CRT programs have been successful in reducing the exposure of the federal government to mortgage credit risk without disrupting the liquidity or stability of mortgage secondary markets. In the process, the programs have created a new financial market for pricing and trading mortgage credit risk, which has grown in size and liquidity over time. The CRT programs provide an important building block to help facilitate reform of the U.S. housing finance system.

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  • David Finkelstein & Andreas Strzodka & James Vickery, 2018. "Credit risk transfer and de facto GSE reform," Staff Reports 838, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:838
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    1. W. Scott Frame & Andreas Fuster & Joseph Tracy & James Vickery, 2015. "The Rescue of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 29(2), pages 25-52, Spring.
    2. Deborah Lucas, 2010. "Measuring and Managing Federal Financial Risk," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number luca07-1, October.
    3. Erik Hurst & Benjamin J. Keys & Amit Seru & Joseph Vavra, 2016. "Regional Redistribution through the US Mortgage Market," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(10), pages 2982-3028, October.
    4. Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2009. "Varieties of Crises and Their Dates," Introductory Chapters, in: This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, Princeton University Press.
    5. Lucas, Deborah (ed.), 2010. "Measuring and Managing Federal Financial Risk," National Bureau of Economic Research Books, University of Chicago Press, number 9780226496580.
    6. James Vickery & Joshua Wright, 2013. "TBA trading and liquidity in the agency MBS market," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, vol. 19(May), pages 1-18.
    7. Deborah Lucas, 2010. "Introduction to "Measuring and Managing Federal Financial Risk"," NBER Chapters, in: Measuring and Managing Federal Financial Risk, pages 1-12, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Froot, Kenneth A., 2001. "The market for catastrophe risk: a clinical examination," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(2-3), pages 529-571, May.
    9. W. Scott Frame, 2003. "Federal Home Loan Bank mortgage purchases: Implications for mortgage markets," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, vol. 88(Q3), pages 17-31.
    10. Laurie S. Goodman, 0. "Housing finance reform: the future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 0, pages 1-7.
    11. repec:rnp:ecopol:09111 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Deborah Lucas & Robert McDonald, 2010. "Valuing Government Guarantees: Fannie and Freddie Revisited," NBER Chapters, in: Measuring and Managing Federal Financial Risk, pages 131-154, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Dwight Jaffee, 2003. "The Interest Rate Risk of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 24(1), pages 5-29, August.
    14. Susan M. Wachter, 2018. "Credit risk transfer, informed markets, and securitization," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue 24-3, pages 117-137.
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    1. Jesper Berg & Morten Bækmand Nielsen & James Vickery, 2018. "Peas in a pod? Comparing the U.S. and Danish mortgage finance systems," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue 24-3, pages 63-87.
    2. Andreas Fuster & David Lucca & James Vickery, 2023. "Mortgage-backed securities," Chapters, in: Refet S. Gürkaynak & Jonathan H. Wright (ed.), Research Handbook of Financial Markets, chapter 15, pages 331-357, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. W. Scott Frame & Joseph Tracy, 2018. "Introduction to Special Issue: The Appropriate Role of Government in U.S. Mortgage Markets," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue 24-3, pages 1-10.
    4. Pedro Gete & Athena Tsouderou & Susan M. Wachter, 2024. "Climate risk in mortgage markets: Evidence from Hurricanes Harvey and Irma," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 52(3), pages 660-686, May.
    5. Wayne Passmore & Alexander H. von Hafften, 2018. "GSE guarantees, financial stability, and home equity accumulation," Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, issue 24-3, pages 11-27.
    6. Grundl, Serafin & Kim, You Suk, 2021. "The marginal effect of government mortgage guarantees on homeownership," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 75-89.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    mortgage; securitization; credit risk transfer; Freddie Mac; GSE; Fannie Mae;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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