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Commercial lending distance and historically underserved areas

Author

Listed:
  • Robert DeYoung
  • W. Scott Frame
  • Dennis C. Glennon
  • Daniel P. McMillen
  • Peter Nigro

Abstract

We study recent changes in the geographic distances between small businesses and their bank lenders, using a large random sample of loans guaranteed by the Small Business Administration. Consistent with extant research, we find that small borrower-lender distances generally increased between 1984 and 2001, with a rapid acceleration in distance beginning in the late-1990s. We also document a new phenomenon: a fundamental reordering of borrower-lender distance by the borrowers' neighborhood income and race characteristics. Historically, borrower-lender distance tended to be shorter than average for historically underserved (for example, low-income and minority) areas, but by 2000 borrowers in these areas tended to be farther away from their lenders on average. This structural change is coincident in time with the adoption of credit scoring models that rely on automated lending processes and quantitative information, and we find indirect evidence consistent with this link. Our findings suggest that there has been increased entry into local markets for small business loans and this should help allay fears that movement toward automated lending processes will reduce small businesses' access to credit in already underserved markets.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert DeYoung & W. Scott Frame & Dennis C. Glennon & Daniel P. McMillen & Peter Nigro, 2007. "Commercial lending distance and historically underserved areas," FRB Atlanta Working Paper 2007-11, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedawp:2007-11
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    Cited by:

    1. Gregory F Udell, 2015. "SME Access to Intermediated Credit: What Do We Know and What Don't We Know?," RBA Annual Conference Volume (Discontinued), in: Angus Moore & John Simon (ed.),Small Business Conditions and Finance, Reserve Bank of Australia.
    2. van der Plaat, Mark, 2020. "Loan sales and the tyranny of tistance in U.S. residential mortgage lending," MPRA Paper 107519, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 20 Apr 2021.
    3. Elizabeth Laderman & Carolina Reid, 2010. "The Community Reinvestment Act and small business lending in low- and moderate-income neighborhoods during the financial crisis," Community Development Working Paper 2010-05, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    4. Cerqueiro, Geraldo & Degryse, Hans & Ongena, Steven, 2011. "Rules versus discretion in loan rate setting," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 503-529, October.
    5. Eid, Nourhan & Yang, Junhong & Duygun, Meryem, 2024. "Bridging the credit gap: The influence of regional bank structure on the expansion of peer-to-peer lending," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(6).
    6. John R. Walter & Patricia E. Wescott, 2008. "Antitrust analysis in banking : goals, methods, and justifications in a changed environment," Economic Quarterly, Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, vol. 94(Win), pages 45-72.
    7. Adams, Robert M. & Brevoort, Kenneth P. & Driscoll, John C., 2023. "Is lending distance really changing? Distance dynamics and loan composition in small business lending," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    8. Hughes, Joseph P. & Jagtiani, Julapa & Mester, Loretta J. & Moon, Choon-Geol, 2019. "Does scale matter in community bank performance? Evidence obtained by applying several new measures of performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 471-499.
    9. Pankaj C. Patel & Mike G. Tsionas, 2022. "Learning‐by‐lending and learning‐by‐repaying: A two‐sided learning model for defaults on Small Business Administration loans," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(4), pages 906-919, June.
    10. Fidrmuc, Jarko & Hainz, Christa, 2008. "Integrating with Their Feet: Cross-Border Lending at the German-Austrian Border," Discussion Paper Series of SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems 248, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich.
    11. Kenneth P. Brevoort & John D. Wolken, 2008. "Does distance matter in banking?," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2008-34, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    12. Julapa Jagtiani & Catharine Lemieux, 2016. "Small Business Lending After the Financial Crisis: A New Competitive Landscape for Community Banks," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, issue 3.
    13. DeYoung, Robert & Frame, W. Scott & Glennon, Dennis & McMillen, Daniel P. & Nigro, Peter, 2008. "Commercial lending distance and historically underserved areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 60(1-2), pages 149-164.
    14. Marcello Pagnini & Paola Rossi & Valerio Vacca & Johann Burgstaller, 2017. "Dynamics of Retail-Bank Branching in Austria," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 46(3), pages 527-554, November.
    15. Jagtiani, Julapa & Lemieux, Catharine, 2016. "Small Business Lending: Challenges and Opportunities for Community Banks," Working Papers 16-02, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center.
    16. O. Emre Ergungor & Stephanie Moulton, 2011. "Do bank branches matter anymore?," Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, issue Aug.
    17. Prieger, James, 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas: Does broadband availability help?," MPRA Paper 118102, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Hussein A. Abdou & John Pointon, 2011. "Credit Scoring, Statistical Techniques And Evaluation Criteria: A Review Of The Literature," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(2-3), pages 59-88, April.
    19. Zhou, Nan & Sun, Ruohan, 2024. "Coping with the storm: The role of fintech in SME survival," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    20. Inderst, Roman, 2008. "Retail finance: Bringing in the supply side," CFS Working Paper Series 2008/36, Center for Financial Studies (CFS).
    21. Prieger, James E., 2023. "Local banking markets and barriers to entrepreneurship in minority and other areas," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).

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