IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/erg/wpaper/1692.html

Testing of Persistence in Firm Entry by Size, Sector, and Location: Case of Iran

Author

Listed:
  • Iman Cheratian

    (Tarbiat Modares University)

  • Saleh Goltabar

    (Tarbiat Modares University)

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the stationary properties of entrepreneurship capital in the Iranian business sector. The investigation is conducted based on firm size (micro, small and medium, and large), sector (ISIC classification), and location (31 provinces) over the period 1981-2021. To achieve the purpose of the paper, we apply the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root test with structural breaks. The results of our study confirm the stationarity of entrepreneurship for the majority of our categorizations. Therefore, entrepreneurs' willingness to start a business is temporarily affected by sharp shocks, suggesting that the entrepreneurship trends in these categories will eventually revert to their long-run equilibrium. However, the time series of entrepreneurship in provinces such as Zanjan and Lorestan, as well as in the electrical machines and devices (code 31) sector, remain permanent. These findings can assist policymakers in each sector and location in designing effective policies to promote entrepreneurial activities. The economic literature reveals that empirical studies on the persistence of entrepreneurship have received relatively less attention in the context of emerging and resource-based economies, compared to the increasing focus on them in developed countries. Therefore, to address this gap, this paper aims to extend the current empirical literature by presenting new evidence for the case of Iran, which has an emerging and resource-based economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Iman Cheratian & Saleh Goltabar, 2023. "Testing of Persistence in Firm Entry by Size, Sector, and Location: Case of Iran," Working Papers 1692, Economic Research Forum, revised 20 Dec 2023.
    • Handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:1692
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://erf.org.eg/publications/testing-of-persistence-in-firm-entry-by-size-sector-and-location-case-of-iran/
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://erf.org.eg/app/uploads/2023/12/1702895948_335_1124806_1692.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peter C. B. Phillips & Donggyu Sul, 2007. "Transition Modeling and Econometric Convergence Tests," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 75(6), pages 1771-1855, November.
    2. Iman Cheratian & Saleh Goltabar & Carla Daniela Calá, 2021. "Spatial drivers of firm entry in Iran," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 66(2), pages 463-496, April.
    3. P. Taylor, Mark, 2011. "Self-employment flows and persistence: a European comparative analysis," ISER Working Paper Series 2011-26, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    4. Ana Cuadros & Juan Carlos Cuestas & Joan Martín-Montaner, 2021. "Self-employment convergence in Europe: The role of migration," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, April.
    5. Halvor Mehlum & Karl Moene & Ragnar Torvik, 2006. "Institutions and the Resource Curse," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 116(508), pages 1-20, January.
    6. Evans, David S & Jovanovic, Boyan, 1989. "An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice under Liquidity Constraints," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(4), pages 808-827, August.
    7. Halvor Mehlum & Karl Moene & Ragnar Torvik, 2006. "Cursed by Resources or Institutions?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(8), pages 1117-1131, August.
    8. Serena Ng & Pierre Perron, 2001. "LAG Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 69(6), pages 1519-1554, November.
    9. Junsoo Lee & Mark C. Strazicich, 2013. "Minimum LM unit root test with one structural break," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 33(4), pages 2483-2492.
    10. Simon C. Parker & Emilio Congregado & Antonio A. Golpe, 2012. "Testing for hysteresis in entrepreneurship in 23 OECD countries," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(1), pages 61-66, January.
    11. Perron, P, 1993. "Erratum [The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock and the Unit Root Hypothesis]," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 61(1), pages 248-249, January.
    12. Georgios Fotopoulos, 2014. "On the spatial stickiness of UK new firm formation rates," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 14(3), pages 651-679.
    13. Catherine Armington & Zoltan J. Acs, 2008. "The Determinants of Regional Variation in New Firm Formation," Chapters, in: Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy, chapter 18, pages 224-243, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    14. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan, 2014. "Can oil-rich countries encourage entrepreneurship?," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(9-10), pages 706-725, December.
    15. Dario Laudati & M. Hashem Pesaran, 2023. "Identifying the effects of sanctions on the Iranian economy using newspaper coverage," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(3), pages 271-294, April.
    16. Baumol, William J., 1996. "Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 3-22, January.
    17. Kristina Nyström, 2007. "An industry disaggregated analysis of the determinants of regional entry and exit," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 41(4), pages 877-896, December.
    18. Junsoo Lee & Mark C. Strazicich, 2003. "Minimum Lagrange Multiplier Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(4), pages 1082-1089, November.
    19. David Audretsch & Max Keilbach, 2004. "Entrepreneurship Capital and Economic Performance," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(8), pages 949-959.
    20. Minghao Li & Stephan J. Goetz & Mark Partridge & David A. Fleming, 2016. "Location determinants of high-growth firms," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1-2), pages 97-125, January.
    21. Majbouri, Mahdi, 2016. "Oil and entrepreneurship," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 10-15.
    22. João Ricardo Faria & Juan Carlos Cuestas & Luis Gil-Alana & Estefania Mourelle, 2021. "Self-employment by gender in the EU: convergence and clusters," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 48(3), pages 717-741, August.
    23. Schmidt, Peter & Phillips, C B Peter, 1992. "LM Tests for a Unit Root in the Presence of Deterministic Trends," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 54(3), pages 257-287, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Uäžur Sivri, 2017. "Is Inflation Rate Of Turkey Stationary? Evidence From Unit Root Tests With And Without Structural Breaks," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 20, pages 29-52, December.
    2. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chien, Mei-Se & Lin, Tsoyu Calvin, 2012. "Dynamic modelling of real estate investment trusts and stock markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 395-407.
    3. Çetin, Tamer & Yasin Eryigit, Kadir, 2011. "Estimating the effects of entry regulation in the Istanbul taxicab market," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(6), pages 476-484, July.
    4. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Khraief, Naceur & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2019. "How Do Carbon Emissions Respond to Economic Shocks? Evidence from Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries," MPRA Paper 93976, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 May 2019.
    5. ALTINAY, Galip, 2005. "Structural Breaks in Long-Term Turkish Macroeconomic Data,1923-2003," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 5(4).
    6. Angelica-Nicoleta Neculaesei (Onea), 2017. "Cultural Stereotypes – A Revival Of Bosche’ S View," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 20, pages 205-218, December.
    7. Ghoshray, Atanu & Johnson, Ben, 2010. "Trends in world energy prices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 1147-1156, September.
    8. Perles-Ribes, José Francisco & Ramón-Rodríguez, Ana Belén & Rubia, Antonio & Moreno-Izquierdo, Luis, 2017. "Is the tourism-led growth hypothesis valid after the global economic and financial crisis? The case of Spain 1957–2014," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 96-109.
    9. Çetin, Tamer & Yasin Eryigit, Kadir, 2013. "The economic effects of government regulation: Evidence from the New York taxicab market," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 169-177.
    10. Cumhur Şahin & Hüseyin Altay, 2016. "Examination of the Relationship between Turkey's Credit Default Swap (CDS) Points and Unemployment," Eurasian Business & Economics Journal, Eurasian Academy Of Sciences, vol. 4(4), pages 52-67, February.
    11. Yu-Chen Zhang & Deng-Kui Si & Bing Zhao, 2020. "The Convergence of Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Emissions Per Capita in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-33, February.
    12. Winkelried, Diego, 2021. "Unit roots in real primary commodity prices? A meta-analysis of the Grilli and Yang data set," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 23(C).
    13. Cunado, J. & Perez de Gracia, F., 2006. "Real convergence in Africa in the second-half of the 20th century," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 58(2), pages 153-167.
    14. Guneratne B Wickremasinghe & Jae H Kim, 2008. "Weak-Form Efficiency of Foreign Exchange Markets of Developing Economies," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 7(2), pages 169-196, August.
    15. Vince Daly & Ghulam Yahya Khan, 2016. "Growth Convergence and Convergence Clubs in SAARC," Economics Discussion Papers 2016-1, School of Economics, Kingston University London.
    16. Nazlioglu, Saban & Lee, Junsoo, 2020. "Response surface estimates of the LM unit root tests," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    17. Tiwari, Aviral & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2011. "Does Defence Spending Stimulate Economic Growth in India?," MPRA Paper 30880, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 18 Apr 2011.
    18. Iman Cheratian & Saleh Goltabar & Carla Daniela Calá, 2021. "Spatial drivers of firm entry in Iran," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 66(2), pages 463-496, April.
    19. Martin B. Schmidt, 2021. "On the evolution of athlete anthropometric measurements: racial integration, expansion, and steroids," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 61(6), pages 3419-3443, December.
    20. Peter van der Zwan & Ingrid Verheul & Roy Thurik & Isabel Grilo, 2009. "Entrepreneurial Progress: Climbing the Entrepreneurial Ladder in Europe and the US," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-070/3, Tinbergen Institute, revised 17 Mar 2010.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:erg:wpaper:1692. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Namees Nabeel (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/erfaceg.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.