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How Abundant Are Reserves? Evidence from the Wholesale Payment System

Author

Listed:
  • Afonso, Gara

    (Federal Reserve Bank of New York)

  • Duffie, Darrell

    (Stanford U)

  • Rigon, Lorenzo

    (Stanford U)

  • Shin, Hyun Song

    (BIS)

Abstract

Before the era of large central bank balance sheets, banks relied on incoming payments to fund outgoing payments in order to conserve scarce liquidity. Even in the era of large central bank balance sheets, rather than funding payments with abundant reserve balances, we show that outgoing payments remain highly sensitive to incoming payments. By providing a window on liquidity constraints revealed by payment behavior, our results shed light on thresholds for the adequacy of reserve balances. Our findings are timely, given the ongoing shrinking of central bank balance sheets around the world in response to inflation.

Suggested Citation

  • Afonso, Gara & Duffie, Darrell & Rigon, Lorenzo & Shin, Hyun Song, 2022. "How Abundant Are Reserves? Evidence from the Wholesale Payment System," Research Papers 4062, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecl:stabus:4062
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    File URL: https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/working-papers/how-abundant-are-reserves-evidence-wholesale-payment-system
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    Cited by:

    1. Narayan Bulusu & Matthew McNeely & Kaetlynd McRae & Jonathan Witmer, 2023. "Estimating the Appropriate Quantity of Settlement Balances in a Floor System," Discussion Papers 2023-26, Bank of Canada.
    2. Girotti, Mattia & Horny, Guillaume, 2023. "Monetary policy transmission through banks when liquidity is abundant but unevenly distributed," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    3. Joseph G. Haubrich, 2023. "Financial Stability: Frontier Risks, a New Normal, and Policy Challenges," Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, vol. 2023(14), pages 1-5, August.
    4. Dirk Niepelt, 2024. "Money and Banking with Reserves and CBDC," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(4), pages 2505-2552, August.
    5. Corell, Felix, 2025. "Hand-to-mouth banks: Deposit inflows and the marginal propensity to lend," LawFin Working Paper Series 59, Goethe University, Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance (LawFin).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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