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The Low Employment Rate Conundrum. Can More Human Capital Help ?

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  • Vincent, VANDENBERGHE

    (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Department of Economics)

Abstract

Many EU countries are confronted with low employment rates, particularly among elderly workers. At the same time, levels of human capital are on the rise. Should this lift the age of retirement and lead to higher lifetime employment rates ? In order to explore these issues, we develop a simple model with endogenous retirement. It tells us that the impact of education on retirement is ambiguous. Higher wages encourage educated workers to postpone retirement (foregone effect). But higher wages allow faster wealth accumulation (income effect) which could favour early retirement. There is also that better educated individuals tend to be older when tehy enter the labour market. The general prediction is thus that, over their lifecycle, more educated individuals should not necessarily spend more years in employment. The econometric analysis of representative samples of 50+ males and females across various EU countries shows that educated individuals systematically retire later, suggesting that the foregone earnings effect dominates the income effect. Yet, the same data reveal that more educated individuals do not have higher lifetime employment rates. The benefit in terms of later retirement is not sufficient to offset later labour market entrance.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincent, VANDENBERGHE, 2005. "The Low Employment Rate Conundrum. Can More Human Capital Help ?," Discussion Papers (ECON - Département des Sciences Economiques) 2005053, Université catholique de Louvain, Département des Sciences Economiques.
    • Handle: RePEc:ctl:louvec:2005053
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    File URL: http://sites.uclouvain.be/econ/DP/IRES/2005-53.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Svenn-Age Dahl & Oivind Anti Nilsen & Kjell Vaage, 2000. "Work or retirement? Exit routes for Norwegian elderly," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(14), pages 1865-1876.
    2. Berkovec, James & Stern, Steven, 1991. "Job Exit Behavior of Older Men," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(1), pages 189-210, January.
    3. Edward C. Prescott, 2004. "Why do Americans work so much more than Europeans?," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 28(Jul), pages 2-13.
    4. Sveinbjörn Blöndal & Stefano Scarpetta, 1999. "The Retirement Decision in OECD Countries," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 202, OECD Publishing.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Endogenous retirement; Human Capital; employment rate;

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies

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