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Intergenerational transmission of inequalities: Are health inequalities at birth the missing link?

Author

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  • Abdel-Hamid Bello
  • Maripier Isabelle
  • Guy Lacroix

Abstract

This paper shows that poor health at birth can act as a barrier to upward economic mobility, reinforcing inequality across generations. Using linked administrative data for two Canadian birth cohorts, we find that mothers born with low birth weight (LBW) are significantly more likely to have LBW children. Sibling comparisons reveal that LBW reduces the probability of surpassing parental income rank by 4 percent. We show that ongoing childhood health shocks partly—but not fully—explain this effect, suggesting both direct and indirect pathways. Our findings highlight how policies targeting prenatal and early-life health could help break persistent cycles of disadvantage. Cet article montre que la mauvaise santé à la naissance constitue un facteur limitant de la mobilité économique ascendante, contribuant ainsi à la perpétuation des inégalités intergénérationnelles. À partir de données administratives appariées portant sur deux cohortes de naissance canadiennes, nous montrons que les femmes nées avec un faible poids à la naissance (FPN) présentent une probabilité significativement plus élevée de donner naissance à des enfants également affectés par un FPN. Des comparaisons intra-familiales entre sœurs indiquent qu’un FPN réduit de 4 % la probabilité pour un individu de dépasser le rang de revenu de ses parents. Nos analyses suggèrent que cette relation est partiellement expliquée par des chocs de santé survenant durant l’enfance, sans toutefois l’expliquer entièrement, ce qui révèle l’existence de canaux à la fois directs et indirects. Ces résultats soulignent le rôle potentiel des politiques de santé ciblant la période prénatale et la petite enfance dans la lutte contre la transmission intergénérationnelle du désavantage socioéconomique.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdel-Hamid Bello & Maripier Isabelle & Guy Lacroix, 2025. "Intergenerational transmission of inequalities: Are health inequalities at birth the missing link?," CIRANO Working Papers 2025s-19, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2025s-19
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