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Time-invariant Regressors under Fixed Effects: Identification via a Proxy Variable

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  • Matej Belin

Abstract

Identification of a coefficient associated with a time-invariant regressor (TIR) often relies on the assumption that the TIR is uncorrelated with the unobserved heterogeneity across panel units. We derive an estimator which avoids the random-effects assumption by employing a proxy for the unobserved heterogeneity thus extending the existing results on proxy variables from the cross-sectional literature. In addition, we quantify the sensitivity of the estimates to potential violations of the random-effects assumption when no proxy is available. The utility of this approach is illustrated on the problem of implausibly high distance elasticity produced by gravity models of international trade.

Suggested Citation

  • Matej Belin, 2018. "Time-invariant Regressors under Fixed Effects: Identification via a Proxy Variable," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp624, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute, Prague.
    • Handle: RePEc:cer:papers:wp624
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    JEL classification:

    • C01 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - General - - - Econometrics
    • C18 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Methodolical Issues: General
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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