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Diseño e implantación de un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones basado en el modelo de transporte

Author

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  • Enrique Yacuzzi
  • Víctor M. Rodríguez

Abstract

Se presenta el diseño y la implantación del SPT (Sistema de Producción y Transporte), un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones (DSS) basado en el modelo de transporte. Fue construido para una empresa argentina de cemento que abastece a sus clientes desde varias plantas industriales y está estructurado sobre el Optimat, un software comercial. Se lo utiliza con éxito en la planificación operativa y en la decisión de las políticas empresariales, tanto estratégicas como tácticas. El proyecto da gran importancia a los problemas del cambio organizacional. Se describen los pasos seguidos en el diseño e implantación del SPT: (1) Comprensión del problema; (2) Formulación de un modelo; (3) Obtención de los datos; (4) Entrada de los datos al modelo; (5) Resolución del modelo; y (6) Implantación de la solución. Durante la descripción de estos pasos se examinan tres problemas: (a) El modelo de transporte; (b) El software de computación para resolver problemas de escala práctica; y (c) Los problemas organizacionales vinculados con el uso de los modelos matemáticos. El modelo de transporte clásico se amplía con la introducción de variables de eficiencia productiva de las plantas, dando lugar a un sistema más general, de producción y transporte. El SPT se implementa con un software para modelos generales de red. Por lo tanto, no sólo permite obtener los resultados operativos para el problema del transporte clásico, sino que sienta las bases para realizar experimentos de políticas alternativas de producción y transporte. Entre estas aplicaciones estratégicas y tácticas se cuentan: cambios en la capacidad productiva y en la eficiencia de las plantas, determinación de las áreas de influencia de cada planta, impacto de demandas esporádicas grandes sobre el sistema general, impacto de la eliminación de un mercado completo, estudio de medios de transporte alternativos, impacto de los transbordos, y estudios de localización de nuevas plantas. Es posible la extensión del SPT, utilizando sistemas de información geográfica (GIS), para facilitar el manejo de los datos, la interpretación de los resultados y la toma de decisiones. Los apéndices muestran la resolución de un prototipo y presentan los archivos maestros y resultados generales del SPT.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrique Yacuzzi & Víctor M. Rodríguez, 2002. "Diseño e implantación de un sistema de apoyo a las decisiones basado en el modelo de transporte," CEMA Working Papers: Serie Documentos de Trabajo. 214, Universidad del CEMA.
    • Handle: RePEc:cem:doctra:214
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    References listed on IDEAS

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