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Performance Characteristics of Lithium-ion Batteries of Various Chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

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  • Burke, Andrew
  • Miller, Marshall

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the testing and evaluation of various battery chemistries for use in PHEVs. Test data are presented for lithium-ion cells and modules utilizing nickel cobalt, iron phosphate, and lithium titanate oxide in the electrodes. The energy density of cells using NiCo (nickelate) in the positive electrode have the highest energy density being in the range of 100-170 Wh/kg. Cells using iron phosphate in the positive have energy density between 80-110 Wh/kg and those using lithium titanate oxide in the negative electrode can have energy density between 60-70 Wh/kg. The situation regarding the power capability (W/kg) of the different chemistries is not as clear because of the energy density/power capability trade-offs inherent in battery design. Simulations of Prius plug-in hybrids were performed with Advisor utilizing lithium-ion batteries of the different chemistries. The UC Davis test data were used to prepare the battery input files needed in Advisor. Simulations were made for battery packs weighing 60 kg and 120 kg. The simulation results show that the selection of the battery chemistry for plug-in hybrids is closely linked to the details of the vehicle design and performance specifications and expected driving cycle. Economic factors such as cycle life and battery cost and battery management and safety issues must also be considered in selecting the most appropriate battery chemistry of plug-in hybrids.

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  • Burke, Andrew & Miller, Marshall, 2009. "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-ion Batteries of Various Chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3mc7g3vt, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt3mc7g3vt
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    2. Gallo, A.B. & Simões-Moreira, J.R. & Costa, H.K.M. & Santos, M.M. & Moutinho dos Santos, E., 2016. "Energy storage in the energy transition context: A technology review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 800-822.
    3. Kuo-Hsin Tseng & Jin-Wei Liang & Wunching Chang & Shyh-Chin Huang, 2015. "Regression Models Using Fully Discharged Voltage and Internal Resistance for State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-19, April.
    4. Qin, Nan & Gusrialdi, Azwirman & Paul Brooker, R. & T-Raissi, Ali, 2016. "Numerical analysis of electric bus fast charging strategies for demand charge reduction," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 386-396.
    5. Omar, Noshin & Monem, Mohamed Abdel & Firouz, Yousef & Salminen, Justin & Smekens, Jelle & Hegazy, Omar & Gaulous, Hamid & Mulder, Grietus & Van den Bossche, Peter & Coosemans, Thierry & Van Mierlo, J, 2014. "Lithium iron phosphate based battery – Assessment of the aging parameters and development of cycle life model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1575-1585.
    6. Sadiqa Jafari & Zeinab Shahbazi & Yung-Cheol Byun, 2022. "Lithium-Ion Battery Health Prediction on Hybrid Vehicles Using Machine Learning Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.
    7. repec:cdl:itsdav:qt7nt461g1 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Noshin Omar & Mohamed Daowd & Omar Hegazy & Grietus Mulder & Jean-Marc Timmermans & Thierry Coosemans & Peter Van den Bossche & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2012. "Standardization Work for BEV and HEV Applications: Critical Appraisal of Recent Traction Battery Documents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-19, January.
    9. Noshin Omar & Mohamed Daowd & Peter van den Bossche & Omar Hegazy & Jelle Smekens & Thierry Coosemans & Joeri van Mierlo, 2012. "Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles—Assessment of Electrical Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(8), pages 1-37, August.
    10. Burke, Andrew & Miller, Marshall & Zhao, Hemgbing, 2012. "Fast Charging Tests (up to 6C) of Lithium Titanate Cells and Modules: Electrical and Thermal Response," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt63286026, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    11. Ribau, João P. & Silva, Carla M. & Sousa, João M.C., 2014. "Efficiency, cost and life cycle CO2 optimization of fuel cell hybrid and plug-in hybrid urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 320-335.
    12. Hassan, Masood Ul & Saha, Sajeeb & Haque, Md Enamul, 2021. "PVAnalytX: A MATLAB toolkit for techno-economic analysis and performance evaluation of rooftop PV systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    13. Eapen, Deepa Elizabeth & Suresh, Resmi & Patil, Sairaj & Rengaswamy, Raghunathan, 2021. "A systems engineering perspective on electrochemical energy technologies and a framework for application driven choice of technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    14. Pavković, D. & Hoić, M. & Deur, J. & Petrić, J., 2014. "Energy storage systems sizing study for a high-altitude wind energy application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 91-103.
    15. Raslavičius, Laurencas & Starevičius, Martynas & Keršys, Artūras & Pilkauskas, Kęstutis & Vilkauskas, Andrius, 2013. "Performance of an all-electric vehicle under UN ECE R101 test conditions: A feasibility study for the city of Kaunas, Lithuania," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 436-448.
    16. Shyh-Chin Huang & Kuo-Hsin Tseng & Jin-Wei Liang & Chung-Liang Chang & Michael G. Pecht, 2017. "An Online SOC and SOH Estimation Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, April.
    17. Firouz, Y. & Omar, N. & Timmermans, J.-M. & Van den Bossche, P. & Van Mierlo, J., 2015. "Lithium-ion capacitor – Characterization and development of new electrical model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 597-613.
    18. Burke, Andy & Zhao, Hengbing, 2010. "Simulations of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Using Advanced Lithium Batteries and Ultracapacitors on Various Driving Cycles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4wb3g744, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    19. repec:cdl:itsdav:qt4xn6n3xf is not listed on IDEAS
    20. Holger C. Hesse & Michael Schimpe & Daniel Kucevic & Andreas Jossen, 2017. "Lithium-Ion Battery Storage for the Grid—A Review of Stationary Battery Storage System Design Tailored for Applications in Modern Power Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-42, December.
    21. Noshin Omar & Mohamed Daowd & Omar Hegazy & Peter Van den Bossche & Thierry Coosemans & Joeri Van Mierlo, 2012. "Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors in Hybrid Topologies —Assessment and Evaluation of Their Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(11), pages 1-36, November.
    22. Zhao, Hengbing & Burke, Andrew, 2015. "Modelling and Analysis of Plug-in Series-Parallel Hybrid Medium-Duty Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt37z105pr, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    23. Burke, Andrew & Zhao, Hengbing, 2012. "Energy Saving and Cost Projections for Advanced Hybrid, Battery Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles in 2015-2030," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt80v1z6rd, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    24. Gandoman, Foad H. & Jaguemont, Joris & Goutam, Shovon & Gopalakrishnan, Rahul & Firouz, Yousef & Kalogiannis, Theodoros & Omar, Noshin & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2019. "Concept of reliability and safety assessment of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: Basics, progress, and challenges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.

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