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Simulated Performance of Alternative Hybrid-Electric Powertrains in Vehicles on Various Driving Cycles

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  • Burke, Andrew
  • Zhao, Hengbing
  • Van Gelder, Eric

Abstract

In this paper, various alternative hybrid vehicle powertrains that are being considered by auto companies are evaluated based on simulation studies performed at the Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California-Davis. The following hybrid powertrain arrangements have been considered: a. Single-shift, parallel (Honda) b. Single-planetary, dual-mode (Toyota/Prius) c. Multiple-planetary, dual-mode (GM) d. Multiple-shaft, dual-clutch transmission (VW and Borg-Warner) e. Series – range extended EV (GM Volt) The primary strategy in all the options considered was to operate the engine only in the high efficiency part of its map and to lose as little as possible of the gain by losses in the energy storage unit and the electric machines. The simulations indicated that there are in general not large differences in the fuel economies predicted using the various powertrains for the same vehicle and battery. The fuel economy improvements were large in all case – 80-100% for the FUDS cycle, 40-60% for the Highway cycle, and 30-50% for the US06 cycle – using lithium-ion batteries and a 25-35 kW electric driveline. Limited simulations were also performed for a series hybrid that could be operated as a plug-in hybrid with a range of about 30 miles. In the charge depleting mode, the vehicles operate as full-function EVs. The simulations indicated that the series hybrids will have large fuel economy improvements compared to ICE vehicles of the same size and performance in the charge sustaining mode. Hence a key issue is the economics of the series vs. the parallel plug-in hybrids and not vehicle performance and fuel economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Burke, Andrew & Zhao, Hengbing & Van Gelder, Eric, 2009. "Simulated Performance of Alternative Hybrid-Electric Powertrains in Vehicles on Various Driving Cycles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7nt461g1, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7nt461g1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Burke, Andrew & Miller, Marshall, 2009. "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-ion Batteries of Various Chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt3mc7g3vt, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Burke, Andy & Miller, Marshall, 2009. "Electrochemical Capacitors as Energy Storage in Hybrid-Electric Vehicles: Present Status and Future Prospects," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7r75s6mx, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
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    1. Burke, Andrew & Zhu, Lin, 2015. "The economics of the transition to fuel cell vehicles with natural gas, hybrid-electric vehicles as the bridge," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 65-71.
    2. Burke, Andrew & Sinha, Anish Kumar, 2020. "Technology, Sustainability, and Marketing of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Medium-Duty and Heavy-Duty Trucks and Buses in 2020-2040," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7s25d8bc, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    3. Burke, Andy & Zhao, Hengbing, 2010. "Simulations of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Using Advanced Lithium Batteries and Ultracapacitors on Various Driving Cycles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4wb3g744, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    4. Burke, Andrew & Zhao, Hengbing, 2012. "Energy Saving and Cost Projections for Advanced Hybrid, Battery Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles in 2015-2030," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt80v1z6rd, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.

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