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Electrochemical Capacitors as Energy Storage in Hybrid-Electric Vehicles: Present Status and Future Prospects

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  • Burke, Andy
  • Miller, Marshall

Abstract

The development of electrochemical capacitors (ultracapacitors) has continued since the early 1990s. Activated microporous carbon and hybrid carbon devices from a number of developers world-wide have been tested and evaluated for use in hybrid vehicles of various types. The test data indicate that the useable energy density of the activated carbon devices is about 5 Wh/kg and that of the hybrid carbon devices is 10-12 Wh/kg. The power capability of the carbon/carbon devices can be very high (> 2000 W/kg for a 95% high power pulse); the power capability of the hybrid carbon devices are significantly lower being 500-1000 W/kg for a 95% pulse. This means that the P/E ratio of the hybrid carbon devices is much lower than the carbon/carbon devices and as a consequence, it may be difficult to take full advantage of the higher energy density of the hybrid carbon devices in some applications. Simulation results for various types of hybrid vehicles are presented. The results for micro-hybrids are particularly interesting and surprising, because of the large fuel economy improvements predicted. The improvements were about 40% on the FUDS and ECE-EUD cycles and 20% on the Federal Highway and US06 cycles using the carbon/carbon ultracapacitor units. The improvements were significantly less using the hybrid carbon units because of their lower round-trip efficiencies.

Suggested Citation

  • Burke, Andy & Miller, Marshall, 2009. "Electrochemical Capacitors as Energy Storage in Hybrid-Electric Vehicles: Present Status and Future Prospects," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7r75s6mx, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
  • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7r75s6mx
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    1. Axsen, Jonn & Burke, Andy & Kurani, Kenneth S, 2008. "Batteries for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs): Goals and the State of Technology circa 2008," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1bp83874, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
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    Cited by:

    1. Burke, Andrew & Zhao, Hengbing & Van Gelder, Eric, 2009. "Simulated Performance of Alternative Hybrid-Electric Powertrains in Vehicles on Various Driving Cycles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt7nt461g1, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    2. Burke, Andrew & Miller, Marshall & Zhao, Hengbing, 2012. "Ultracapacitors in Hybrid Vehicle Applications: Testing of New High Power Devices and Prospects for Increased Energy Density," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt0mb8s9p7, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    3. Burke, Andrew & Miller, Marshall & Zhao, Hengbing, 2014. "Ultracapacitors in the Place of Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt08c8b94t, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    4. Burke, Andrew & Zhu, Lin, 2015. "The economics of the transition to fuel cell vehicles with natural gas, hybrid-electric vehicles as the bridge," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 65-71.
    5. Burke, Andy & Zhao, Hengbing, 2010. "Simulations of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Using Advanced Lithium Batteries and Ultracapacitors on Various Driving Cycles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4wb3g744, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.

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    UCD-ITS-RR-09-07; Engineering;

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