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Numerical analysis of electric bus fast charging strategies for demand charge reduction

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  • Qin, Nan
  • Gusrialdi, Azwirman
  • Paul Brooker, R.
  • T-Raissi, Ali

Abstract

Electric transit buses have been recognized as an important alternative to diesel buses with many environmental benefits. Electric buses employing lithium titanate batteries can provide uninterrupted transit service thanks to their ability of fast charging. However, fast charging may result in high demand charges which will increase the fuel costs thereby limiting the electric bus market penetration. In this paper, we simulated daily charging patterns and demand charges of a fleet of electric buses in Tallahassee, Florida and identified an optimal charging strategy to minimize demand charges. It was found that by using a charging threshold of 60–64%, a $160,848 total saving in electricity cost can be achieved for a five electric bus fleet, comparing to a charging threshold of 0–28%. In addition, the impact of fleet sizes on the fuel cost was investigated. Fleets of 4 and 12 buses will achieve the lowest cost per mile driven when one fast charger is installed.

Suggested Citation

  • Qin, Nan & Gusrialdi, Azwirman & Paul Brooker, R. & T-Raissi, Ali, 2016. "Numerical analysis of electric bus fast charging strategies for demand charge reduction," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 386-396.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:94:y:2016:i:c:p:386-396
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2016.09.014
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    12. Manzolli, Jônatas Augusto & Trovão, João Pedro F. & Henggeler Antunes, Carlos, 2022. "Electric bus coordinated charging strategy considering V2G and battery degradation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
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    14. Zeng, Ziling & Wang, Shuaian & Qu, Xiaobo, 2022. "On the role of battery degradation in en-route charge scheduling for an electric bus system," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    15. Wang, Yusheng & Huang, Yongxi & Xu, Jiuping & Barclay, Nicole, 2017. "Optimal recharging scheduling for urban electric buses: A case study in Davis," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 115-132.
    16. Ayman Abdelwahed & Pieter L. van den Berg & Tobias Brandt & Wolfgang Ketter & Judith Mulder, 2021. "A Boost for Urban Sustainability: Optimizing Electric Transit Bus Networks in Rotterdam," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 51(5), pages 391-407, September.
    17. Kayhan Alamatsaz & Sadam Hussain & Chunyan Lai & Ursula Eicker, 2022. "Electric Bus Scheduling and Timetabling, Fast Charging Infrastructure Planning, and Their Impact on the Grid: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-39, October.
    18. Yiming Bie & Mingjie Hao & Mengzhu Guo, 2021. "Optimal Electric Bus Scheduling Based on the Combination of All-Stop and Short-Turning Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-21, February.
    19. Brinkel, Nico & Zijlstra, Marle & van Bezu, Ronald & van Twuijver, Tim & Lampropoulos, Ioannis & van Sark, Wilfried, 2023. "A comparative analysis of charging strategies for battery electric buses in wholesale electricity and ancillary services markets," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
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