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Real-world performance of battery electric buses and their life-cycle benefits with respect to energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions

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  • Zhou, Boya
  • Wu, Ye
  • Zhou, Bin
  • Wang, Renjie
  • Ke, Wenwei
  • Zhang, Shaojun
  • Hao, Jiming

Abstract

Battery electric buses can reduce energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China's transportation system. On-road testing is necessary to evaluate these benefits compared to their diesel counterparts through life-cycle assessment for both the upstream fuel production and operation stages. Three electric buses from China are operated and charged in Macao under different air-conditioning, load, and speed settings. In the minimum load scenario, the two 12-m buses achieve 138–175 kWh/100 km, and the 8-m bus achieves 79 kWh/100 km (system charging loss included). When air-conditioning and load are at their maximum values, the energy consumption increases by 21–27%; however, air-conditioning usage exerts a greater impact than passenger load. The diesel bus on-road performance increases more significantly than the electric bus performance under low speeds, higher load, and air-conditioning use, while the electric bus energy and CO2 emission benefits increase. Across a wide range of conditions, the electric bus reduces petroleum use by 85–87% compared to a diesel bus and achieves a 32–46% reduction in fossil fuel use and 19–35% in CO2 emissions from a life-cycle perspective. A cleaner power grid and an increase in system charging efficiency (if better than 60–84%) would enhance the future benefits of electric buses.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhou, Boya & Wu, Ye & Zhou, Bin & Wang, Renjie & Ke, Wenwei & Zhang, Shaojun & Hao, Jiming, 2016. "Real-world performance of battery electric buses and their life-cycle benefits with respect to energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 603-613.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:96:y:2016:i:c:p:603-613
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.041
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    References listed on IDEAS

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