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Real-World Measurement of Hybrid Buses’ Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions in a Metropolitan Urban Road Network

Author

Listed:
  • Christos Keramydas

    (Emisia S.A., 21 Antoni Tritsi str., P.O. Box 8138, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Georgios Papadopoulos

    (Emisia S.A., 21 Antoni Tritsi str., P.O. Box 8138, GR 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Leonidas Ntziachristos

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 483, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Ting-Shek Lo

    (Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong)

  • Kwok-Lam Ng

    (Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong)

  • Hok-Lai Anson Wong

    (Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong)

  • Carol Ka-Lok Wong

    (Environmental Protection Department, Hong Kong SAR Government, Hong Kong)

Abstract

This study investigates pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of six Euro VI hybrid-diesel public transport buses operating on different scheduled routes in a metropolitan urban road network. Portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) are used in measurements and results are compared to those obtained from a paired number of Euro V conventional buses of the same body type used as control over the same routes. The selected routes vary from urban to highway driving and the experimentation was conducted over the first half of 2015. The available emissions data correspond to a wide range of driving, operating, and ambient conditions. Fuel consumption, distance- and energy-based emission levels are derived and presented in a comparative manner. The effect of different factors, including speed, ambient temperature, and road grade on fuel consumption and emissions performance is investigated. Mean fuel consumption of hybrid buses was found 6.1% lower than conventional ones, from 20% lower up to 16% higher, over six routes tested in total. The mean route difference between the two technologies was not statistically significant. Air conditioning decreased consumption benefits of the hybrid buses. Decrease of the mean route speed from 15 km h −1 tο 8 km h −1 increased the hybrid buses consumption by 63%. Nitrogen oxides (NO x ) emissions of the Euro VI hybrid buses were 93 ± 5% lower than conventional Euro V ones. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from hybrid Euro VI buses made up 5.9% of total greenhouse gas emissions and largely offset carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) benefits. The results suggest that hybrid urban buses need to be assessed under realistic operation and environmental conditions to assess their true environmental and fuel consumption benefits.

Suggested Citation

  • Christos Keramydas & Georgios Papadopoulos & Leonidas Ntziachristos & Ting-Shek Lo & Kwok-Lam Ng & Hok-Lai Anson Wong & Carol Ka-Lok Wong, 2018. "Real-World Measurement of Hybrid Buses’ Fuel Consumption and Pollutant Emissions in a Metropolitan Urban Road Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:10:p:2569-:d:172202
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Danilo Arcentales & Carla Silva, 2019. "Exploring the Introduction of Plug-In Hybrid Flex-Fuel Vehicles in Ecuador," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, June.
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    5. Skrúcaný Tomáš & Kendra Martin & Čechovič Tomáš & Majerník Filip & Pečman Jan, 2021. "Assessing the Energy Intensity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Traffic Services in a Selected Region," LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, Sciendo, vol. 12(1), pages 25-35, May.
    6. Guangjun Yang & Xiaoxiao Li & Li Ding & Fahua Zhu & Zhigang Wang & Sheng Wang & Zhen Xu & Jingxin Xu & Pengxiang Qiu & Zhaobing Guo, 2019. "CFD Simulation of Pollutant Emission in a Natural Draft Dry Cooling Tower with Flue Gas Injection: Comparison between LES and RANS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-21, September.
    7. Hyung Jun Kim & Sang Hyun Lee & Sang Il Kwon & Sangki Park & Jonghak Lee & Ji Hoon Keel & Jong Tae Lee & Suhan Park, 2020. "Investigation of the Emission Characteristics of Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles in Korea Based on EURO-VI Standards According to Type of After-Treatment System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-18, September.
    8. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2020. "Real-world fuel efficiency and emissions from an urban diesel bus engine under transient operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).

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