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Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación post-secundaria

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  • Christian Manuel Posso Suárez

Abstract

En el período 1984-2005 se registró un incremento substancial en la desigualdad salarial en especial a partir de 1995, momento en el cual también se dio un crecimiento significativo de la población asalariada con educación post-secundaria. A su vez esta desigualdad fue más importante dentro del grupo de los más educados. Este documento expone nuevas alternativas para el análisis de la desigualdad salarial en Colombia. Primero, se utiliza un método de descomposición para la desigualdad basado en una estimación condicional de la distribución de ingresos utilizando la regresión por percentiles; este método descompone los cambios en la distribución en tres factores: características, coeficientes y residuales. Los resultados muestran que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende principalmente de los cambios en la distribución de las características de los asalariados para el periodo 1984-2005, resultado contrario a lo planteado por algunos trabajos previos donde se muestra que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende fundamentalmente de los residuales. La técnica aquí presentada corrige algunas de las deficiencias del método original de descomposición de Juhn, Murphy y Pierce (JMP, 1993). Segundo, utilizando la regresión por percentiles se intenta mostrar que los premios a la educación post-secundaria tienen un rol principal en la explicación del crecimiento de la desigualdad dentro del grupo de los más educados, particularmente por una caída en el premio en la parte baja de la distribución (50/10) para el periodo 1995-2005, el cual puede estar asociado a un problema de calidad de la educación.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Manuel Posso Suárez, 2008. "Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación post-secundaria," Borradores de Economia 529, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:529
    DOI: 10.32468/be.529
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alejandro Badel & Ximena Peña, 2010. "Decomposing the Gender Wage Gap with Sample Selection Adjustment: Evidence from Colombia," Revista de Analisis Economico – Economic Analysis Review, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, vol. 25(2), pages 169-191, Diciembre.
    2. David H. Autor & Lawrence F. Katz & Melissa S. Kearney, 2005. "Rising Wage Inequality: The Role of Composition and Prices," Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Papers 2096, Harvard - Institute of Economic Research.
    3. Attanasio, Orazio & Goldberg, Pinelopi K. & Pavcnik, Nina, 2004. "Trade reforms and wage inequality in Colombia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 331-366, August.
    4. David H. Autor & Lawrence F. Katz & Melissa S. Kearney, 2008. "Trends in U.S. Wage Inequality: Revising the Revisionists," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 90(2), pages 300-323, May.
    5. Daron Acemoglu, 2002. "Technical Change, Inequality, and the Labor Market," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 40(1), pages 7-72, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nancy Daza & Luis Fernando Gamboa, 2013. "An approximation to the Informal-formal wage gap in Colombia 2008-2012," Documentos de Trabajo 10990, Universidad del Rosario.
    2. Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, 2011. "Determinantes de las diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia, un ejercicio de microdescomposición," Chapters, in: Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (ed.), Dimensión regional de las desigualdades en Colombia, chapter 3, pages 67-119, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Ramirez, Francisco A., 2012. "Descomponiendo la Desigualdad Salarial en la República Dominicana: Análisis Empírico para el Periodo 2000-2011 [Decomposing Wage Inequality in the Dominican Republic: Empirical Analysis for the Per," MPRA Paper 51993, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Francisco Lasso-Valderrama & Laura Rodríguez-Quintero, 2018. "Ciclo y composición del cambio en los salarios: una aproximación a la estructura salarial de Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1057, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    5. Leonardo Bonilla Mejía, 2011. "Diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia," Revista Sociedad y Economía, Universidad del Valle, CIDSE.
    6. Leonardo Bonilla Mejía, 2008. "Diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia," Documentos de Trabajo Sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 5284, Banco de la República, Economía Regional.
    7. Rogelio Varela Llamas & Mayra Yesenia Nava Rubio, 2020. "Salarios e informalidad laboral en México: una perspectiva regional y empresarial," Revista de Estudios Regionales, Universidades Públicas de Andalucía, vol. 2, pages 15-46.
    8. Leonardo Bonilla Mejía, 2011. "Diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia," Revista Sociedad y Economía, Universidad del Valle, CIDSE.
    9. John Ariza & Gabriel Montes-Rojas, 2017. "Labour income inequality and the informal sector in Colombian cities," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, vol. 36(72).
    10. Nancy Aireth DAZA BAEZ & Luis Fernando GAMBOA, 2013. "An approximation to the Informal-formal wage gap in Colombia 2008-2012," Archivos de Economía 11196, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    11. Arlen Guarín & Sebastián Londoño & Carlos Medina & Julieth Parra & Christian Posso & Carlos Eduardo Vélez, 2016. "Estimating the Effect of Attending a Public versus a Private University in Colombia on Academic Achievement **** Una Estimación del Efecto sobre el Rendimiento Académico de Asistir a una Universidad P," Borradores de Economia 968, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    12. Arlen Guarín & Carlos Medina & Christian Posso, 2018. "Calidad, cobertura y costo ocultos de la educación secundaria pública y privada en Colombia," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, vol. 81(2).
    13. Nancy Daza & Luis Fernando Gamboa, 2013. "Informal-formal wage gaps in Colombia," Working Papers 301, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education

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