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Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación post-secundaria

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  • Christian Manuel Posso

Abstract

En el periodo 1984-2005 se registró un incremento sustancial en la desigualdad salarialque fue mucho más marcado a partir del ano 1995, momento en el cual también se dioun crecimiento significativo de la población asalariada con educación post-secundaria.A su vez esta desigualdad fue más importante dentro del grupo de los más educados.Este documento expone nuevas alternativas para el análisis de la desigualdad salarial enColombia. Inicialmente, se utiliza un método de descomposición para la desigualdadbasado en una estimación condicional de la distribución de ingresos utilizando laregresión por percentiles; este método descompone los cambios en la distribución entres factores: características, coeficientes y residuales.Los resultados muestran que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende principalmentede los cambios en la distribución de las características de los asalariados para el periodo1984-2005, resultado contrario a lo planteado por algunos trabajos previos donde semuestra que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende fundamentalmente de losresiduales. La técnica aquí presentada corrige algunas de las deficiencias del métodooriginal de descomposición de Juhn, Murphy y Pierce (1993). Posteriormente,utilizando la regresión por percentiles se intenta mostrar que los premios a la educaciónpost-secundaria tienen un rol principal en la explicación del crecimiento de ladesigualdad dentro del grupo de los más educados, particularmente por una caída en elpremio en la parte baja de la distribución (50/10) para el periodo 1995-2005.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Manuel Posso, 2010. "Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación post-secundaria," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000090:008766
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David H. Autor & Lawrence F. Katz & Melissa S. Kearney, 2005. "Rising Wage Inequality: The Role of Composition and Prices," NBER Working Papers 11628, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. David H. Autor & Lawrence F. Katz & Melissa S. Kearney, 2008. "Trends in U.S. Wage Inequality: Revising the Revisionists," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 90(2), pages 300-323, May.
    3. Alejandro Badel & Ximena Peña, 2010. "Decomposing the Gender Wage Gap with Sample Selection Adjustment: Evidence from Colombia," Revista de Analisis Economico – Economic Analysis Review, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, vol. 25(2), pages 169-191, Diciembre.
    4. Daron Acemoglu, 2002. "Technical Change, Inequality, and the Labor Market," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 40(1), pages 7-72, March.
    5. Attanasio, Orazio & Goldberg, Pinelopi K. & Pavcnik, Nina, 2004. "Trade reforms and wage inequality in Colombia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 331-366, August.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nancy Aireth DAZA BAEZ & Luis Fernando GAMBOA, 2013. "An approximation to the Informal-formal wage gap in Colombia 2008-2012," Archivos de Economía 11196, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    2. Ramirez, Francisco A., 2012. "Descomponiendo la Desigualdad Salarial en la República Dominicana: Análisis Empírico para el Periodo 2000-2011 [Decomposing Wage Inequality in the Dominican Republic: Empirical Analysis for the Per," MPRA Paper 51993, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, 2011. "Determinantes de las diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia, un ejercicio de microdescomposición," Chapters, in: Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (ed.), Dimensión regional de las desigualdades en Colombia, chapter 3, pages 67-119, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    4. Leonardo Bonilla Mejía, 2011. "Diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia," Revista Sociedad y Economía, Universidad del Valle, CIDSE.
    5. John Ariza & Gabriel Montes-Rojas, 2017. "Labour income inequality and the informal sector in Colombian cities," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, vol. 36(72).
    6. Nancy Daza & Luis Fernando Gamboa, 2013. "Informal-formal wage gaps in Colombia," Working Papers 301, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
    7. Francisco Lasso-Valderrama & Laura Rodríguez-Quintero, 2018. "Ciclo y composición del cambio en los salarios: una aproximación a la estructura salarial de Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1057, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    8. Rogelio Varela Llamas & Mayra Yesenia Nava Rubio, 2020. "Salarios e informalidad laboral en México: una perspectiva regional y empresarial," Revista de Estudios Regionales, Universidades Públicas de Andalucía, vol. 2, pages 15-46.
    9. Arlen Guarín & Sebastián Londoño & Carlos Medina & Julieth Parra & Christian Posso & Carlos Eduardo Vélez, 2016. "Estimating the Effect of Attending a Public versus a Private University in Colombia on Academic Achievement **** Una Estimación del Efecto sobre el Rendimiento Académico de Asistir a una Universidad P," Borradores de Economia 968, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    10. Arlen Guarín & Carlos Medina & Christian Posso, 2018. "Calidad, cobertura y costo ocultos de la educación secundaria pública y privada en Colombia," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, vol. 81(2).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education

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