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Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación post-secundaria

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  • Christian Manuel Posso

Abstract

En el periodo 1984-2005 se registró un incremento sustancial en la desigualdad salarialque fue mucho más marcado a partir del ano 1995, momento en el cual también se dioun crecimiento significativo de la población asalariada con educación post-secundaria.A su vez esta desigualdad fue más importante dentro del grupo de los más educados.Este documento expone nuevas alternativas para el análisis de la desigualdad salarial enColombia. Inicialmente, se utiliza un método de descomposición para la desigualdadbasado en una estimación condicional de la distribución de ingresos utilizando laregresión por percentiles; este método descompone los cambios en la distribución entres factores: características, coeficientes y residuales.Los resultados muestran que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende principalmentede los cambios en la distribución de las características de los asalariados para el periodo1984-2005, resultado contrario a lo planteado por algunos trabajos previos donde semuestra que el crecimiento de la desigualdad depende fundamentalmente de losresiduales. La técnica aquí presentada corrige algunas de las deficiencias del métodooriginal de descomposición de Juhn, Murphy y Pierce (1993). Posteriormente,utilizando la regresión por percentiles se intenta mostrar que los premios a la educaciónpost-secundaria tienen un rol principal en la explicación del crecimiento de ladesigualdad dentro del grupo de los más educados, particularmente por una caída en elpremio en la parte baja de la distribución (50/10) para el periodo 1995-2005.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Manuel Posso, 2010. "Desigualdad salarial en Colombia 1984-2005: cambios en la composición del mercado laboral y retornos a la educación post-secundaria," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000090:008766
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    Cited by:

    1. Nancy Aireth DAZA BAEZ & Luis Fernando GAMBOA, 2013. "An approximation to the Informal-formal wage gap in Colombia 2008-2012," Archivos de Economía 11196, Departamento Nacional de Planeación.
    2. Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, 2011. "Determinantes de las diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia, un ejercicio de microdescomposición," Chapters, in: Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (ed.), Dimensión regional de las desigualdades en Colombia, chapter 3, pages 67-119, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    3. Ramirez, Francisco A., 2012. "Descomponiendo la Desigualdad Salarial en la República Dominicana: Análisis Empírico para el Periodo 2000-2011 [Decomposing Wage Inequality in the Dominican Republic: Empirical Analysis for the Per," MPRA Paper 51993, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Carlos Medina & Christian Manuel Posso Suárez, 2010. "Technical Change and Polarization of the Labor Market: Evidence for Brazil, Colombia and Mexico," Borradores de Economia 7269, Banco de la Republica.
    5. Francisco Lasso-Valderrama & Laura Rodríguez-Quintero, 2018. "Ciclo y composición del cambio en los salarios: una aproximación a la estructura salarial de Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1057, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    6. Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, 2011. "Diferencias regionales en la distribución del ingreso en Colombia," Chapters, in: Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo (ed.), Dimensión regional de las desigualdades en Colombia, chapter 2, pages 35.63, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    7. Rogelio Varela Llamas & Mayra Yesenia Nava Rubio, 2020. "Salarios e informalidad laboral en México: una perspectiva regional y empresarial," Revista de Estudios Regionales, Universidades Públicas de Andalucía, vol. 2, pages 15-46.
    8. John Ariza & Gabriel Montes-Rojas, 2017. "Labour income inequality and the informal sector in Colombian cities," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, vol. 36(72), October.
    9. Arlen Guarín & Sebastián Londoño & Carlos Medina & Julieth Parra & Christian Posso & Carlos Eduardo Vélez, 2016. "Estimating the Effect of Attending a Public versus a Private University in Colombia on Academic Achievement **** Una Estimación del Efecto sobre el Rendimiento Académico de Asistir a una Universidad P," Borradores de Economia 968, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    10. Arlen Guarín & Carlos Medina & Christian Posso, 2018. "Calidad, cobertura y costo ocultos de la educación secundaria pública y privada en Colombia," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, vol. 81(2), August.
    11. Nancy Daza & Luis Fernando Gamboa, 2013. "Informal-formal wage gaps in Colombia," Working Papers 301, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Desigualdad de ingresos; Regresión por percentiles; Descomposiciónde ingresos; Retornos a la educación;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education

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