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Pattern recognition of financial institutions’ payment behavior

Author

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  • Carlos León

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Paolo Barucca

    (University College London, United Kingdom)

  • Oscar Acero

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Gerardo Gage

    (Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos (CEMLA), México)

  • Fabio Ortega

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

Abstract

We present a general supervised machine learning methodology to represent the payment behavior of financial institutions starting from a database of transactions in the Colombian large-value payment system. The methodology learns a feedforward artificial neural network parameterization to represent the payment patterns through 113 features corresponding to financial institutions’ contribution to payments, funding habits, payments timing, payments concentration, centrality in the payments network, and systemic impact due to failure to pay. The representation is then used to test the coherence of out-of-sample payment patterns of the same institution to its characteristic patterns. The performance is remarkable, with an out-of-sample classification error around three percent. The performance is robust to reductions in the number of features by unsupervised feature selection. Also, we test that network centrality and systemic impact features contribute to enhancing the performance of the methodology definitively. For financial authorities, this is the first step towards the automated detection of individual financial institutions’ anomalous behavior in payment systems. **** RESUMEN: Presentamos una metodología general de aprendizaje automático supervisado para representar el comportamiento de pago de las instituciones financieras a partir de una base de datos de transacciones del sistema de pagos de alto valor de Colombia. La metodología utiliza una red neuronal artificial para representar los patrones de pago de instituciones financieras a través de 113 características que corresponden a su contribución a los pagos, hábitos de fondeo, momento de pagos, concentración de pagos, centralidad en la red de pagos, e impacto sistémico debido a la imposibilidad de pagar. Esta representación es utilizada para probar la coherencia de los patrones de pago fuera de muestra de una institución financiera con sus patrones de pago característicos. El desempeño del modelo es notable, con un error de clasificación fuera de muestra cercano a tres por ciento. El desempeño es robusto a reducciones en el número de características con base en la selección no supervisada de características. También se comprueba que la centralidad en la red de pagos y el impacto sistémico son características que efectivamente mejoran el desempeño de la metodología. Para las autoridades financieras este es un primer paso hacia la detección automatizada de anomalías en el comportamiento de las instituciones financieras como participantes en sistemas de pago.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos León & Paolo Barucca & Oscar Acero & Gerardo Gage & Fabio Ortega, 2020. "Pattern recognition of financial institutions’ payment behavior," Borradores de Economia 1130, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1130
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1130
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    Cited by:

    1. Sabetti, Leonard & Heijmans, Ronald, 2021. "Shallow or deep? Training an autoencoder to detect anomalous flows in a retail payment system," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(2).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Payments; neural networks; feature selection; machine learning; pattern recognition; pagos; redes neuronales; selección de características; aprendizaje automático; reconocimiento de patrones;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C45 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Neural Networks and Related Topics
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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