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Una aproximación a los determinantes de acumulación de reservas internacionales en economías emergentes

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  • Cristian Camilo Porras-Alarcón

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

Abstract

La creciente acumulación de reservas internacionales en las últimas dos décadas en las economías emergentes ha promovido un desarrollo de estudios que intentan explicar las causas de dicha acumulación. Parte de estos estudios han propuesto algunas métricas de nivel óptimo o adecuado de reservas, encontrando que la mayoría de las economías emergentes mantiene un nivel de reservas superior al propuesto, existiendo un exceso de acumulación de reservas. En este documento se exploran algunas variables no consideradas en la literatura como el balance en cuenta corriente, la participación de los extranjeros en el mercado de deuda pública local y la existencia de alternativas de financiación como los fondos soberanos y las líneas de crédito flexible del FMI como posibles determinantes del exceso (o defecto, según sea el caso) de acumulación de reservas que no es explicado por los determinantes convencionales. Se encuentra que las economías latinoamericanas han respondido con mayor acumulación de reservas a la ampliación del déficit en cuenta corriente mientras que las economías asiáticas y europeas podrían estar acumulando reservas con un objetivo mercantilista al mantener un exceso de reservas al tiempo que mantienen un superávit en la cuenta corriente. Asimismo, se encuentra que los países que han presentado el mayor aumento de la participación de extranjeros en el mercado interno de deuda pública han aumentado su nivel de reservas mientras que las alternativas de financiación son sustitutas a la acumulación de reservas en Latinoamérica y complementarias en Asia y Europa del Este. **** ABSTRACT: The growing accumulation of international reserves by emerging market economies in the last two decades has promoted a development of studies that attempt to explain the causes of such accumulation. Some of these studies have proposed some metrics about the optimal or adequate level of reserves, finding that most emerging market economies maintain a higher level of reserves than the proposed one, prevailing a reserves accumulation excess. This document explores some variables that have not been considered in the literature such as the current account balance, the foreign participation in the local debt market and the presence of financing alternatives such as sovereign wealth funds and the IMF flexible credit lines as possible determinants of reserves accumulation excess (or defect) that is not explained by conventional determinants. It is found that Latin American economies have responded with higher reserves accumulation to the widening of the current account deficit, while Asian and European economies could be accumulating reserves with a mercantilist objective by maintaining a reserve excess while maintaining a surplus in the current account. Likewise, it is found that countries that have presented the greatest increase in foreign participation in local debt market, have increased their reserves level, while financing alternatives are not substitutes but complementary to reserves accumulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristian Camilo Porras-Alarcón, 2020. "Una aproximación a los determinantes de acumulación de reservas internacionales en economías emergentes," Borradores de Economia 1126, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1126
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1126
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Reservas internacionales; regresión cuantílica; economía internacional; International reserves; quantile regression; international economics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • F00 - International Economics - - General - - - General
    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General

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