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The Syndicated Loan Market: Developments in the North American Context

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  • Jim Armstrong

Abstract

The author describes the rapid development of the syndicated corporate loan market in the 1990s. He explores the historical forces that led to the development of the contemporary U.S. syndicated loan market, which is effectively a hybrid of the investment banking and commercial banking worlds. He suggests that there has been a notable change in large corporate lending over the past decade, as the old bilateral bank-client lending relationships have been replaced by a world that is much more transaction-oriented and market-oriented. The Canadian syndicated loan market has been strongly influenced by its U.S. counterpart, but it is not yet at the same level of development. The author explores potential risk issues for the new corporate loan market, including implications for the distribution of credit risk in the system, risks in the underwriting process, the monitoring function, and the potential for risk arising from asymmetric information.

Suggested Citation

  • Jim Armstrong, 2003. "The Syndicated Loan Market: Developments in the North American Context," Staff Working Papers 03-15, Bank of Canada.
    • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocawp:03-15
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dennis, Steven A. & Mullineaux, Donald J., 2000. "Syndicated Loans," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 404-426, October.
    2. Bank for International Settlements, 2003. "Credit risk transfer," CGFS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 20.
    3. Keith Barnish & Steve Miller & Michael Rushmore, 1997. "The New Leveraged Loan Syndication Market," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 10(1), pages 79-88, March.
    4. John Kiff & Ron Morrow, 2000. "Credit Derivatives," Bank of Canada Review, Bank of Canada, vol. 2000(Autumn), pages 3-11.
    5. Katerina Simons, 1993. "Why do banks syndicate loans?," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jan, pages 45-52.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chala, Alemu Tulu, 2018. "Syndicated Lending: The Role of Relationships for the Retained Share," Working Papers 2018:34, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    2. McCahery, Joseph & Schwienbacher, Armin, 2010. "Bank reputation in the private debt market," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 498-515, September.
    3. Yener Altunbas & Alper Kara & David Marques-Ibanez, 2010. "Large debt financing: syndicated loans versus corporate bonds," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(5), pages 437-458.
    4. Sina, A. & Billio, M. & Dufour, A. & Rocciolo, F. & Varotto, S., 2025. "The systemic risk of leveraged and covenant-lite loan syndications," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    5. Jonathan D. Jones & William W. Lang & Peter J. Nigro, 2005. "Agent Bank Behavior In Bank Loan Syndications," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 28(3), pages 385-402, September.
    6. Tykvova, Tereza, 2007. "Who chooses whom? Syndication, skills and reputation," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 5-28.
    7. Isin, Adnan Anil, 2018. "Tax avoidance and cost of debt: The case for loan-specific risk mitigation and public debt financing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 344-378.
    8. Aikins Abakah, Emmanuel Joel & Gil-Alana, Luis A. & Arthur, Emmanuel Kwesi & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2022. "Measuring volatility persistence in leveraged loan markets in the presence of structural breaks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 141-152.
    9. Stefano Colonnello & Christoph Herpfer, 2021. "Do Courts Matter for Firm Value? Evidence from the US Court System," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 64(2), pages 403-438.
    10. Jian Cai, 2009. "Competition or collaboration? The reciprocity effect in loan syndication," Working Papers (Old Series) 0909, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    11. Cortés, Janko Hernández & Tribó, Josep A & Adamuz, María de las Mercedes, 2020. "Are syndicated loans truly less expensive?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    12. Claudia Champagne & Lawrence Kryzanowski, 2008. "The Impact of Past Syndicate Alliances on the Consolidation of Financial Institutions," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 37(3), pages 535-570, September.
    13. Howcroft, Barry & Kara, Alper & Marques-Ibanez, David, 2014. "Determinants of syndicated lending in European banks and the impact of the financial crisis," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 473-490.
    14. Thorsten V. Koeppl & James MacGee, 2007. "Branching Out: The Urgent Need to Transform Canada’s Financial Landscape and How to Do It," C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, C.D. Howe Institute, issue 251, June.
    15. Champagne, Claudia & Kryzanowski, Lawrence, 2007. "Are current syndicated loan alliances related to past alliances?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(10), pages 3145-3161, October.
    16. Yener Altunbaş & Blaise Gadanecz & Alper Kara, 2006. "The evolution of syndicated loan markets," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(6), pages 689-707, September.

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    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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