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The Impact of Parenthood on Labour Market Outcomes of Women and Men in Poland

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  • Radost Waszkiewicz
  • Honorata Bogusz

Abstract

We examine the gender gap in income in Poland in relation to parenthood status, employing the placebo event history method adapted to low-resolution data (Polish Generations and Gender Survey). Our analysis reveals anticipatory behavior in both women and men who expect to become parents. We observe a decrease of approximately 20 percent in mothers' income post-birth. In contrast, the income of fathers surpasses that of non-fathers both pre- and post-birth, suggesting that the fatherhood child premium may be primarily driven by selection. We note an increase (decrease) in hours worked for fathers (mothers). Finally, we compare the gender gaps in income and wages between women and men in the sample with those in a counterfactual scenario where the entire population is childless. Our findings indicate no statistically significant gender gaps in the counterfactual scenario, leading us to conclude that parenthood drives the gender gaps in income and wages in Poland.

Suggested Citation

  • Radost Waszkiewicz & Honorata Bogusz, 2023. "The Impact of Parenthood on Labour Market Outcomes of Women and Men in Poland," Papers 2306.12924, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2024.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:2306.12924
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Henrik Kleven, 2022. "The Geography of Child Penalties and Gender Norms: A Pseudo-Event Study Approach," NBER Working Papers 30176, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Ina GANGULI & Ricardo HAUSMANN & Martina VIARENGO, 2014. "Closing the gender gap in education: What is the state of gaps in labour force participation for women, wives and mothers?," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 153(2), pages 173-207, June.
    3. Martin Eckhoff Andresen & Emily Nix, 2022. "What Causes the Child Penalty? Evidence from Adopting and Same-Sex Couples," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 40(4), pages 971-1004.
    4. Anna Baranowska-Rataj & Anna Matysiak, 2022. "Family Size and Men’s Labor Market Outcomes: Do Social Beliefs About Men’s Roles in the Family Matter?," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(2), pages 93-118, April.
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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