IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/sustdv/v33y2025is1p1059-1077.html

The Role of Women's Entrepreneurship, Unemployment, Global Warming, and Technology in Sustainable Development: Evidence From OECD Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Cem Işık
  • Serdar Ongan
  • Ebru Günlü
  • Rahman Aydın
  • İlyas Kays İmamoğlu

Abstract

This study examines the effects of women's entrepreneurship, global warming, technological advancements, and unemployment on the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) across 38 OECD countries. Using country‐specific panel causality methods, the analysis reveals significant asymmetries between developed and developing economies. Women's entrepreneurship (FEM) and technology (TEC) demonstrate stronger positive effects in developing countries such as Mexico, Slovakia, and Costa Rica, supporting SDGs 5 and 9. Global warming (SUR) negatively affects both groups, with notable impacts in Belgium, Mexico, and the UK, emphasizing the urgency of SDG 13. Unemployment (UNM) poses greater threats to sustainable development in emerging economies—particularly in Turkey and Latin American nations—while its influence remains limited in advanced countries. These results underscore the heterogeneous nature of SDG progress and suggest that universal, one‐size‐fits‐all policies may fall short. Instead, national strategies should strengthen gender‐inclusive entrepreneurship and innovation, while mitigating climate risks and labor market vulnerabilities. This paper presents a novel, multidimensional econometric framework and offers original insights into how interlinked economic, social, and environmental factors influence sustainability outcomes across diverse national contexts.

Suggested Citation

  • Cem Işık & Serdar Ongan & Ebru Günlü & Rahman Aydın & İlyas Kays İmamoğlu, 2025. "The Role of Women's Entrepreneurship, Unemployment, Global Warming, and Technology in Sustainable Development: Evidence From OECD Countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(S1), pages 1059-1077, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:sustdv:v:33:y:2025:i:s1:p:1059-1077
    DOI: 10.1002/sd.70045
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.70045
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/sd.70045?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cem Işık & Serdar Ongan & Hasibul Islam & Stefania Pinzon & Gul Jabeen, 2024. "Navigating sustainability: Unveiling the interconnected dynamics of ESG factors and SDGs in BRICS‐11," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(5), pages 5437-5451, October.
    2. Schwert, G William, 2002. "Tests for Unit Roots: A Monte Carlo Investigation," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 5-17, January.
    3. Ugochukwu Chinonso Okolie & Christian Ehiobuche & Paul Agu Igwe & Michael Austin Agha-Okoro & Chukwuemeka Christian Onwe, 2021. "Women Entrepreneurship and Poverty Alleviation: Understanding the Economic and Socio-cultural Context of the Igbo Women’s Basket Weaving Enterprise in Nigeria," Journal of African Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 448-467, October.
    4. Toda, Hiro Y. & Yamamoto, Taku, 1995. "Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 66(1-2), pages 225-250.
    5. Hadri, Kaddour & Kurozumi, Eiji, 2011. "A Locally Optimal Test for No Unit Root in Cross-sectionally Dependent Panel Data," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Hitotsubashi University, vol. 52(2), pages 165-184, December.
    6. Peter Pedroni, 1999. "Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 653-670, November.
    7. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Vanessa Smith, L. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2013. "Panel unit root tests in the presence of a multifactor error structure," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 175(2), pages 94-115.
    8. António Afonso & M. Carmen Blanco-Arana, 2024. "Unemployment and Financial Development: Evidence for OECD Countries," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 66(4), pages 661-683, December.
    9. Hashem Pesaran, M. & Yamagata, Takashi, 2008. "Testing slope homogeneity in large panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 50-93, January.
    10. Işık, Cem & Yan, Jiale & Ongan, Serdar, 2025. "Corrigendum to “Energy intensity, supply chain digitization, technological progress bias in China's industrial sectors” [Energy Economics Volume 145, May 2025, 108442]," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    11. Emirmahmutoglu, Furkan & Kose, Nezir, 2011. "Testing for Granger causality in heterogeneous mixed panels," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 870-876, May.
    12. M. Hashem Pesaran, 2007. "A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross-section dependence," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(2), pages 265-312.
    13. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:653-70 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. Raghu Raman & Nava Subramaniam & Vinith Kumar Nair & Avinash Shivdas & Krishnashree Achuthan & Prema Nedungadi, 2022. "Women Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development: Bibliometric Analysis and Emerging Research Trends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-31, July.
    15. Nazlioglu, Saban & Payne, James E. & Lee, Junsoo & Rayos-Velazquez, Marco & Karul, Cagin, 2021. "Convergence in OPEC carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from new panel stationarity tests with factors and breaks," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    16. T. S. Breusch & A. R. Pagan, 1980. "The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 47(1), pages 239-253.
    17. United Nations UN, 2015. "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," Working Papers id:7559, eSocialSciences.
    18. Serdar Ongan & Ismet Gocer & Cem Işık, 2025. "Introducing the New ESG‐Based Sustainability Uncertainty Index (ESGUI)," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(3), pages 4457-4467, June.
    19. Joakim Westerlund, 2008. "Panel cointegration tests of the Fisher effect," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(2), pages 193-233.
    20. Tolga Omay & Muhammad Shahbaz & Chris Stewart, 2021. "Is there really hysteresis in the OECD unemployment rates? New evidence using a Fourier panel unit root test," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 48(4), pages 875-901, November.
    21. Ralf Becker & Walter Enders & Junsoo Lee, 2006. "A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks," Journal of Time Series Analysis, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 381-409, May.
    22. Omri, Anis, 2018. "Entrepreneurship, sectoral outputs and environmental improvement: International evidence," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 46-55.
    23. Omay, Tolga & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Stewart, Chris, 2021. "Is There Really Hysteresis in OECD Countries’ Unemployment Rates? New Evidence Using a Fourier Panel Unit Root Test," MPRA Paper 107691, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 May 2021.
    24. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Raghutla, Chandrashekar & Song, Malin & Zameer, Hashim & Jiao, Zhilun, 2020. "Public-private partnerships investment in energy as new determinant of CO2 emissions: The role of technological innovations in China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cem Işık & Serdar Ongan & Bekhzod Kuziboev & İlyas Kays İmamoğlu, 2026. "Does Climate Change Vulnerability Cause Energy Vulnerability in Sustainable Development?," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(S2), pages 1170-1181, March.
    2. Cem Işık & Serdar Ongan & Olcay Işık & Rahman Aydın & İlyas Kays İmamoğlu, 2026. "The Role of Women's Labor Law and Business Freedom in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in OECD Countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(S2), pages 36-51, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Emre Sakar & Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz & Ahmet Ozen, 2025. "The Nexus Between Tax Revenue, Economic Policy Uncertainty, and Economic Growth: Evidence from G7 Economies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-34, July.
    2. Ozcan, Burcu, 2013. "The nexus between carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Middle East countries: A panel data analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1138-1147.
    3. Xie, Zixiong & Chen, Shyh-Wei & Wu, An-Chi, 2020. "The foreign exchange and stock market nexus: New international evidence," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 240-266.
    4. Nnyanzi John Bosco & Kilimani Nicholas & Oryema John Bosco, 2022. "How important are remittances to savings? Evidence from the Latin America and the Caribbean Countries," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 13(1), pages 1-37, January.
    5. Ali Celik & Ebru Gul Yilmaz & Sukran Kahveci & Gonca Yilmaz, 2025. "Do Technological Advances Promote Ecological Sustainability? Evidence from Panel Causality Analysis for the Dirtiest and Cleanest Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(5), pages 17292-17327, November.
    6. Ferhat Pehlivanoğlu & Saffet Akdağ & Andrew Adewale Alola, 2021. "The causal nexus of geopolitical risks, consumer and producer confidence indexes: evidence from selected economies," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(4), pages 1261-1273, August.
    7. Ogali, Oscar I.O. & Okoro, Emeka E. & Olafuyi, Saburi G., 2023. "Assessing consensus on nexus between natural gas consumption and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    8. Gümüş Akar, Pınar, 2025. "The impact of air transportation on economic growth: Novel findings from the CS-ARDL model," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    9. Feyyaz Zeren & Atike Elanur Hizarci, 2024. "Hydropower Energy Consumption, Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth: Further Evidence from Newly Industrialized Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 1535-1555, March.
    10. Muhammad Sadiq & Syed Tauseef Hassan & Irfan Khan & Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, 2024. "Policy uncertainty, renewable energy, corruption and CO2 emissions nexus in BRICS-1 countries: a panel CS-ARDL approach," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(8), pages 21595-21621, August.
    11. Filiz ERATAŞ-SÖNMEZ & Yağmur SAĞLAM, 2019. "The Relationship between Financial Development and Economic Growth for Developing Countries: Panel Causality Analysis," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 27(42).
    12. Mucahit Aydin & Tunahan Degirmenci, 2024. "The impact of clean energy consumption, green innovation, and technological diffusion on environmental sustainability: New evidence from load capacity curve hypothesis for 10 European Union countries," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(3), pages 2358-2370, June.
    13. Dong, Kangyin & Sun, Renjin & Hochman, Gal & Li, Hui, 2018. "Energy intensity and energy conservation potential in China: A regional comparison perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 782-795.
    14. Nazlioglu, Saban & Karul, Cagin, 2017. "A panel stationarity test with gradual structural shifts: Re-investigate the international commodity price shocks," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 181-192.
    15. Tsangyao Chang & Chien-Chiang Lee & Hsiao-Ping Chu, 2015. "Revisiting the Defense-Growth nexus in European countries," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(3), pages 341-356, June.
    16. Tong, Tingting & Yu, T. Edward, 2018. "Transportation and economic growth in China: A heterogeneous panel cointegration and causality analysis," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 120-130.
    17. Muhammad Shahbaz & Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad & Mantu Kumar Mahalik & Perry Sadorsky, 2018. "How strong is the causal relationship between globalization and energy consumption in developed economies? A country-specific time-series and panel analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(13), pages 1479-1494, March.
    18. Chang, Tsangyao & Gupta, Rangan & Inglesi-Lotz, Roula & Simo-Kengne, Beatrice & Smithers, Devon & Trembling, Amy, 2015. "Renewable energy and growth: Evidence from heterogeneous panel of G7 countries using Granger causality," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1405-1412.
    19. Mehmet Demiral & Özge Demiral & Özlem Öztürk-Çetenak & Gürçem Özaytürk & İbrahim Özaytürk, 2025. "Non-renewable energy effects of trade in intermediate and final products: Evidence from emerging industrial economies," Energy & Environment, , vol. 36(1), pages 54-74, February.
    20. Alexandra Horobet & Magdalena Radulescu & Taoufik Bouraoui & Irina Mnohoghitnei & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente & Lucian Belascu, 2025. "Financial development and environmental degradation: insights from European countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(32), pages 4679-4694, July.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:sustdv:v:33:y:2025:i:s1:p:1059-1077. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1719 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.