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The Economic Consequences of Professional Sports Strikes and Lockouts

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  • Dennis Coates
  • Brad R. Humphreys

Abstract

The National Basketball Association (NBA) lockout of 1998‐1999 resulted in the cancellation of a significant number of games. According to the claims made by proponents of sports‐driven economic growth, cities with NBA franchises should experience significant negative economic losses from this work stoppage because of the lost spending in and around basketball arenas during this event. Although it will be several years before adequate data exist for a careful ex post evaluation of the effects of the lockout, an examination of the impact of past work stoppages in professional football and basketball can shed some light on the potential impact of the NBA lockout as well as the viability of professional sports as engines of economic growth in cities. The parameter estimates from a reduced‐form empirical model of the determination of real per capita income in 37 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs) over the period 1969‐1996 suggest that prior work stoppages in professional football and baseball had no impact on the economies of cities with franchises. Further, the departure of professional basketball from cities had no impact on their economies in the following years. These results refute the idea that attracting professional sports franchises represents a viable economic development strategy.

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  • Dennis Coates & Brad R. Humphreys, 2001. "The Economic Consequences of Professional Sports Strikes and Lockouts," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 67(3), pages 737-747, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:soecon:v:67:y:2001:i:3:p:737-747
    DOI: 10.1002/j.2325-8012.2001.tb00367.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dennis Coates & Brad R. Humphreys, 1999. "The growth effects of sport franchises, stadia, and arenas," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(4), pages 601-624.
    2. Ruth A. Judson & Ann L. Owen, "undated". "Estimating Dynamic Panel Data Models: A Practical Guide for Macroeconomists," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 1997-03, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), revised 10 Dec 2019.
    3. Kiviet, Jan F., 1995. "On bias, inconsistency, and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 53-78, July.
    4. George R. Neumann & Melvin W. Reder, 1984. "Output and Strike Activity in U.S. Manufacturing: How Large are the Losses?," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 37(2), pages 197-211, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Brad R. Humphreys, 2023. "Professional Sports Subsidies and Urban Congestion Externalities: Assessing 50 Years of Failed Urban Economic Development Policies," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 49(4), pages 457-474, October.
    2. Dennis Coates & Brad R. Humphreys, 2005. "Novelty Effects Of New Facilities On Attendance At Professional Sporting Events," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 23(3), pages 436-455, July.
    3. W. David Allen & William P. Curington, 2018. "Managerial time constraints and young worker productivity: Natural experiments with NFL rookies," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(2), pages 180-199, March.
    4. Dennis Coates & Brad Humphreys, 2011. "The effect of professional sports on the earnings of individuals: evidence from microeconomic data," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(29), pages 4449-4459.
    5. Robert A. Baade & Robert Baumann & Victor A. Matheson, 2008. "Selling the Game: Estimating the Economic Impact of Professional Sports through Taxable Sales," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 74(3), pages 794-810, January.
    6. Qi Ge & Michael J. Lopez, 2016. "Lockouts and Player Productivity," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 17(5), pages 427-452, June.
    7. Matthias Brachert, 2021. "Regional effects of professional sports franchises: causal evidence from four European football leagues," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(2), pages 295-306, February.
    8. Kaveephong Lertwachara & James J. Cochran, 2007. "An Event Study of the Economic Impact of Professional Sport Franchises on Local U.S. Economies," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 8(3), pages 244-254, June.
    9. Swantje Allmers & Wolfgang Maennig, 2009. "Economic impacts of the FIFA Soccer World Cups in France 1998, Germany 2006, and outlook for South Africa 2010," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 35(4), pages 500-519.
    10. Marc Lavoie & Gabriel Rodríguez, 2005. "The Economic Impact of Professional Teams on Monthly Hotel Occupancy Rates of Canadian Cities," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 6(3), pages 314-324, August.
    11. Nikos Chatzistamoulou & Kounetas Kostas & Antonakis Theodor, 2022. "Salary Cap, Organizational Gap, and Catch-up in the Performance of NBA Teams: A Two-Stage DEA Model Under Heterogeneity," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 23(2), pages 123-155, February.
    12. Nola Agha, 2013. "The Economic Impact of Stadiums and Teams," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 14(3), pages 227-252, June.

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