IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wly/corsem/v28y2021i4p1270-1284.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The application of corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions for mitigation of environmental, social, corporate governance (ESG) and reputational risk in integrated reports

Author

Listed:
  • Mariusz Karwowski
  • Monika Raulinajtys‐Grzybek

Abstract

Many studies stress the importance of understanding actions within sustainable development to prevent risks brought by companies. Environment, social factors, corporate governance (ESG) as well as reputation are even more important risk factors. In turn, companies can take corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions to avoid ESG and reputational risk. The aim of the article is to analyze the role of CSR in risk mitigation. The study includes content analysis of integrated reports in terms of reporting information on both risk and CSR activities such as stakeholder engagement or environmental policy. The companies most often indicate governmental risk, followed by social risk. The most common CSR actions are those related to social impact. Despite the fact that the analyzed database of over 120 integrated reports is not fully homogeneous, the conducted research shows a statistically important correlation in categorization of risks and CSR actions. Both statistical analysis and analysis of the content of reports confirms that companies identify their ESG and reputational risks and use CSR actions to mitigate them.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariusz Karwowski & Monika Raulinajtys‐Grzybek, 2021. "The application of corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions for mitigation of environmental, social, corporate governance (ESG) and reputational risk in integrated reports," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(4), pages 1270-1284, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:corsem:v:28:y:2021:i:4:p:1270-1284
    DOI: 10.1002/csr.2137
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2137
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1002/csr.2137?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tiago Melo & Alvaro Garrido‐Morgado, 2012. "Corporate Reputation: A Combination of Social Responsibility and Industry," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(1), pages 11-31, January.
    2. Jonathan P. Doh & Terrence R. Guay, 2006. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Public Policy, and NGO Activism in Europe and the United States: An Institutional‐Stakeholder Perspective," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(1), pages 47-73, January.
    3. Kathy Babiak & Sylvia Trendafilova, 2011. "CSR and environmental responsibility: motives and pressures to adopt green management practices," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(1), pages 11-24, January.
    4. McDonnell, Mary-Hunter & King, Brayden & Soule, Sarah A., 2015. "A Dynamic Process Model of Private Politics: Activist Targeting and Corporate Receptivity to Social Challenges," Research Papers 3319, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    5. Ioannis Oikonomou & Chris Brooks & Stephen Pavelin, 2012. "The Impact of Corporate Social Performance on Financial Risk and Utility: A Longitudinal Analysis," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 41(2), pages 483-515, June.
    6. F. Maon & A. Lindgreen & V. Swaen, 2010. "Organizational Stages and Cultural Phases: A Critical Review and a Consolidative Model of Corporate Social Responsibility Development," Post-Print halshs-00585660, HAL.
    7. Sonia Quarchioni & Francesca Trovarelli, 2013. "Approaching Risk Management from a New Integrated Perspective," Springer Books, in: Cristiano Busco & Mark L. Frigo & Angelo Riccaboni & Paolo Quattrone (ed.), Integrated Reporting, edition 127, chapter 10, pages 159-170, Springer.
    8. Jeffrey Unerman, 2008. "Strategic reputation risk management and corporate social responsibility reporting," Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 21(3), pages 362-364, March.
    9. Hens Runhaar & Helene Lafferty, 2009. "Governing Corporate Social Responsibility: An Assessment of the Contribution of the UN Global Compact to CSR Strategies in the Telecommunications Industry," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 84(4), pages 479-495, February.
    10. Frederiksen, Tomas, 2018. "Corporate social responsibility, risk and development in the mining industry," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 495-505.
    11. Bouslah, Kais & Kryzanowski, Lawrence & M’Zali, Bouchra, 2013. "The impact of the dimensions of social performance on firm risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 1258-1273.
    12. Guillermo Badía & Maria C. Cortez & Luis Ferruz, 2020. "Socially responsible investing worldwide: Do markets value corporate social responsibility?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(6), pages 2751-2764, November.
    13. Johan Graafland, 2018. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Put Reputation at Risk by Inviting Activist Targeting? An Empirical Test among European SMEs," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(1), pages 1-13, January.
    14. Pascal Nguyen & Anna Nguyen, 2015. "The effect of corporate social responsibility on firm risk," Social Responsibility Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(2), pages 324-339, June.
    15. Thomas Fischer & Angelika Sawczyn, 2013. "The relationship between corporate social performance and corporate financial performance and the role of innovation: evidence from German listed firms," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 27-52, May.
    16. Waris Ali & Jedrzej George Frynas & Zeeshan Mahmood, 2017. "Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure in Developed and Developing Countries: A Literature Review," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(4), pages 273-294, July.
    17. Julia Keenan & Deanna Kemp & John Owen, 2019. "Corporate responsibility and the social risk of new mining technologies," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(4), pages 752-760, July.
    18. Power, Michael, 2009. "The risk management of nothing," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 34(6-7), pages 849-855, August.
    19. Pina Murè & Marco Spallone & Fabiomassimo Mango & Stefano Marzioni & Lucilla Bittucci, 2021. "ESG and reputation: The case of sanctioned Italian banks," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(1), pages 265-277, January.
    20. Irina Lock & Peter Seele, 2015. "Analyzing Sector‐Specific CSR Reporting: Social and Environmental Disclosure to Investors in the Chemicals and Banking and Insurance Industry," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(2), pages 113-128, March.
    21. Sherrena Buckby & Gerry Gallery & Jiacheng Ma, 2015. "An analysis of risk management disclosures: Australian evidence," Managerial Auditing Journal, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 30(8/9), pages 812-869, October.
    22. Daniel Kouloukoui & Ângelo Marcio Oliveira Sant'Anna & Sônia Maria da Silva Gomes & Marcia Mara de Oliveira Marinho & Pieter de Jong & Asher Kiperstok & Ednildo Andrade Torres, 2019. "Factors influencing the level of environmental disclosures in sustainability reports: Case of climate risk disclosure by Brazilian companies," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(4), pages 791-804, July.
    23. Michel Dion, 2013. "Uncertainties and presumptions about corruption," Social Responsibility Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 9(3), pages 412-426, July.
    24. Caterina Di Tommaso & John Thornton, 2020. "Do ESG scores effect bank risk taking and value? Evidence from European banks," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(5), pages 2286-2298, September.
    25. Tahira Naseem & Faisal Shahzad & Ghazanfar Ali Asim & Ijaz Ur Rehman & Faisal Nawaz, 2020. "Corporate social responsibility engagement and firm performance in Asia Pacific: The role of enterprise risk management," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(2), pages 501-513, March.
    26. Han Lin & Saixing Zeng & Liangyan Wang & Hailiang Zou & Hanyang Ma, 2016. "How Does Environmental Irresponsibility Impair Corporate Reputation? A Multi‐Method Investigation," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(6), pages 413-423, November.
    27. Hoje Jo & Haejung Na, 2012. "Does CSR Reduce Firm Risk? Evidence from Controversial Industry Sectors," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 110(4), pages 441-456, November.
    28. Aldónio Ferreira & Carly Moulang & Bayu Hendro, 2010. "Environmental management accounting and innovation: an exploratory analysis," Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 23(7), pages 920-948, September.
    29. Eduardo Ortas & Isabel Gallego‐Alvarez & Igor Álvarez Etxeberria, 2015. "Financial Factors Influencing the Quality of Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management Disclosure: A Quantile Regression Approach," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(6), pages 362-380, November.
    30. Pasi Heikkurinen, 2010. "Image differentiation with corporate environmental responsibility," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), pages 142-152, May.
    31. Paul C. Godfrey & Craig B. Merrill & Jared M. Hansen, 2009. "The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: an empirical test of the risk management hypothesis," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 425-445, April.
    32. Chiara Mio & Marco Fasan & Carlo Marcon & Silvia Panfilo, 2020. "The predictive ability of legitimacy and agency theory after the implementation of the EU directive on non‐financial information," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(6), pages 2465-2476, November.
    33. Zia ur Rehman & Asad Khan & Asim Rahman, 2020. "Corporate social responsibility's influence on firm risk and firm performance: the mediating role of firm reputation," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(6), pages 2991-3005, November.
    34. Matthew Walker & Haylee Mercado, 2016. "Environmentally Responsible Value Orientations: Perspectives from Public Assembly Facility Managers," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(5), pages 271-282, September.
    35. Elisa Truant & Laura Corazza & Simone Domenico Scagnelli, 2017. "Sustainability and Risk Disclosure: An Exploratory Study on Sustainability Reports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-20, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pochara Arayakarnkul & Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard & Suntharee Lhaopadchan & Sirimon Treepongkaruna, 2022. "Corporate governance, board connections and remuneration," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(4), pages 795-808, July.
    2. Xiaodong Teng & Yanzhi Wang & Aiguo Wang & Bao-Guang Chang & Kun-Shan Wu, 2021. "Environmental, Social, Governance Risk and Corporate Sustainable Growth Nexus: Quantile Regression Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Nejla Ould Daoud Ellili, 2022. "Impact of environmental, social and governance disclosure on dividend policy: What is the role of corporate governance? Evidence from an emerging market," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(5), pages 1396-1413, September.
    4. María Consuelo Pucheta‐Martínez & Inmaculada Bel‐Oms & Isabel Gallego‐Álvarez, 2023. "Corporate social responsibility reporting and capital structure: Does board gender diversity mind in such association?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(4), pages 1588-1600, July.
    5. Rajesh, R. & Rajeev, A. & Rajendran, Chandrasekharan, 2022. "Corporate social performances of firms in select developed economies: A comparative study," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    6. Olli-Pekka Brunila & Vappu Kunnaala-Hyrkki & Tommi Inkinen, 2023. "Sustainable small ports: performance assessment tool for management, responsibility, impact, and self-monitoring," Journal of Shipping and Trade, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-24, December.
    7. Masahiro Hosoda, 2022. "Adoption of integrated reporting and changes to internal mechanisms in Japanese companies," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(2), pages 421-434, March.
    8. Haowen Tian & Gaoliang Tian, 2022. "Corporate sustainability and trade credit financing: Evidence from environmental, social, and governance ratings," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(5), pages 1896-1908, September.
    9. Jiajia Liu & Zhenzhen Ge & Yahan Wang, 2024. "Role of environmental, social, and governance rating data in predicting financial risk and risk management," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(1), pages 260-273, January.
    10. Yang Yang & Jinmian Han, 2023. "Digital transformation, financing constraints, and corporate environmental, social, and governance performance," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(6), pages 3189-3202, November.
    11. Francisco José Gomes Silva & Konstantinos Kirytopoulos & Luis Pinto Ferreira & José Carlos Sá & Gilberto Santos & Maria Carolina Cancela Nogueira, 2022. "The three pillars of sustainability and agile project management: How do they influence each other," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(5), pages 1495-1512, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Johan Graafland, 2018. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Put Reputation at Risk by Inviting Activist Targeting? An Empirical Test among European SMEs," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(1), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Yuanyuan Zhang & Zhe Ouyang, 2021. "Doing well by doing good: How corporate environmental responsibility influences corporate financial performance," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(1), pages 54-63, January.
    3. Wioleta Kucharska & Rafał Kowalczyk, 2019. "How to achieve sustainability?—Employee's point of view on company's culture and CSR practice," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(2), pages 453-467, March.
    4. Adriana Burlea‐Schiopoiu & Dragos Alexandru Balan, 2021. "Modelling the impact of corporate reputation on customers' behaviour," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(3), pages 1142-1156, May.
    5. Paola Brighi & Antonio Carlo Francesco Della Bina & Valeria Venturelli, 2022. "Do ESG Investments Mitigate ESG Controversies? Evidence From International Data," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 0084, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    6. Farah, Tazrina & Li, Jialong & Li, Zhicheng & Shamsuddin, Abul, 2021. "The non-linear effect of CSR on firms’ systematic risk: International evidence," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    7. Chakraborty, Atreya & Gao, Lucia Silva & Sheikh, Shahbaz, 2019. "Managerial risk taking incentives, corporate social responsibility and firm risk," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 58-72.
    8. Champagne, Claudia & Coggins, Frank & Sodjahin, Amos, 2022. "Can extra-financial ratings serve as an indicator of ESG risk?," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    9. Francesco Gangi & Mario Mustilli & Lucia Michela Daniele & Maria Coscia, 2022. "The sustainable development of the aerospace industry: Drivers and impact of corporate environmental responsibility," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(1), pages 218-235, January.
    10. Shakil, Mohammad Hassan, 2021. "Environmental, social and governance performance and financial risk: Moderating role of ESG controversies and board gender diversity," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    11. Cao Thi Mien Thuy & Nguyen Vinh Khuong & Nguyen Thanh Liem, 2021. "Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Its Effect on Firm Risk: An Empirical Research on Vietnamese Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-13, November.
    12. Giovanni Catello Landi & Francesca Iandolo & Antonio Renzi & Andrea Rey, 2022. "Embedding sustainability in risk management: The impact of environmental, social, and governance ratings on corporate financial risk," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(4), pages 1096-1107, July.
    13. Dunbar, Craig & Li, Zhichuan (Frank) & Shi, Yaqi, 2020. "CEO risk-taking incentives and corporate social responsibility," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    14. Florian Neitzert & Matthias Petras, 2022. "Corporate social responsibility and bank risk," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 92(3), pages 397-428, April.
    15. Mariano González Sánchez & María Encina Morales de Vega, 2018. "Corporate reputation and firms' performance: Evidence from Spain," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(6), pages 1231-1245, November.
    16. Niccolò Nirino & Enrico Battisti & Alberto Ferraris & Stefano Dell'Atti & Massimiliano Farina Briamonte, 2022. "How and when corporate social performance reduces firm risk? The moderating role of corporate governance," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 29(6), pages 1995-2005, November.
    17. Emmanuel Lawal & Gökan May & Bojan Stahl, 2017. "The Significance of Corporate Social Disclosure for High‐Tech Manufacturing Companies: Focus on Employee and Community Aspects of Sustainable Development," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(4), pages 295-311, July.
    18. Remmer Sassen & Anne-Kathrin Hinze & Inga Hardeck, 2016. "Impact of ESG factors on firm risk in Europe," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 86(8), pages 867-904, November.
    19. Saeed, Asif & Alnori, Faisal & Yaqoob, Gohar, 2023. "Corporate social responsibility, industry concentration, and firm performance: Evidence from emerging Asian economies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    20. Doga Izcan & Eralp Bektas, 2022. "The Relationship between ESG Scores and Firm-Specific Risk of Eurozone Banks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-21, July.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wly:corsem:v:28:y:2021:i:4:p:1270-1284. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1535-3966 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.