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Growth and Convergence in Income Per Capita and Income Inequality in the Regions of the EU

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  • Vassilis Tselios

Abstract

Abstract The neoclassical growth model predicts that there will be both a reduction of income per capita disparities over time and long-term convergence in income inequality levels. This paper examines whether this holds true for the EU using data from the European Community Household Panel for 102 regions over the period 1995–2000. The analysis is conducted using cross-sectional and panel data growth models with spatial interaction effects. The results reveal the presence of a conditional convergence in income per capita after controlling for educational attainment, unemployment, sectoral composition, spatially lagged growth of income per capita, and regional fixed effects, and that of an unconditional convergence in income inequality. Expansion et convergence dans les revenus par habitant et inégalité des revenus dans les régions de l'UE RÉSUMÉ Le modèle de croissance néoclassique prévoit que l'on assistera, à terme, à une réduction des disparités entre les revenus par habitant, ainsi qu’à une convergence à long terme des disparités dans l'inégalité des revenus. La présente communication examine l'applicabilité éventuelle de ce modèle à l'UE, en utilisant des données de l'European Community Household Panel pour 102 régions, au cours de la période 1995–2000. On effectue cette analyse en utilisant des modèles de croissance transversaux et de commissions, avec des effets d'interaction spatiale: ses résultats révèlent l'existence d'une convergence des revenus par habitant, après avoir contrôlé les réalisations éducationnelles, la composition sectorielle, la croissance du retard spatial des revenus par habitant, ainsi que des effets régionaux fixes, ainsi que la présence d'une convergence inconditionnelle dans l'inégalité des revenus. Crecimiento y convergencia en ingresos per capita y desigualdad de ingresos en las regiones de la UE RÉSUMÉN El modelo neoclásico de crecimiento predice que con el tiempo se producirá una reducción de las disparidades en los ingresos per capita, así como una convergencia a largo plazo de los niveles de desigualdad de ingresos. Este trabajo examina la veracidad de este caso en la UE utilizando datos procedentes del European Community Household Panel aplicables a 102 regiones durante el período 1995–2000. El análisis se conduce utilizando modelos de crecimiento de datos transeccionales y de panel con efectos de interacción espacial. Los resultados revelan la presencia de una convergencia condicional en los ingresos per capita después de controlar el rendimiento educacional, desempleo, composición sectoral, crecimiento limitado espacialmente de los ingresos per capita y efectos regionales fijos, así como la presencia de una convergencia incondicional en la desigualdad de ingresos.

Suggested Citation

  • Vassilis Tselios, 2009. "Growth and Convergence in Income Per Capita and Income Inequality in the Regions of the EU," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 343-370.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:specan:v:4:y:2009:i:3:p:343-370
    DOI: 10.1080/17421770903114711
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    5. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Vassilis Tselios, 2015. "Toward Inclusive Growth," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 38(1), pages 30-60, January.
    6. Pei-Chien Lin & Ho-Chuan Huang, 2011. "Inequality convergence in a panel of states," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 9(2), pages 195-206, June.
    7. Dustin Chambers & Shatakshee Dhongde, 2017. "Are countries becoming equally unequal?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 1323-1348, December.
    8. Jesus Felipe & John McCombie, 2012. "Problems with Regional Production Functions and Estimates of Agglomeration Economies: A Caveat Emptor for Regional Scientists," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_725, Levy Economics Institute.
    9. Ho, Tsung-wu, 2015. "Income inequality may not converge after all: Testing panel unit roots in the presence of cross-section cointegration," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 68-79.
    10. Cerciello, Massimiliano & Agovino, Massimiliano & Garofalo, Antonio, 2019. "The caring hand that cripples? The effects of the European regional policy on local labour market participation in Southern Italy," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    11. Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Emamzadeh, 2020. "Analysis of economic convergence of Islamic justice in selected Islamic countries," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 9(1), pages 1-10, December.
    12. Vassilis Tselios, 2011. "Is Inequality Good for Innovation?," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 34(1), pages 75-101, January.
    13. Guangdong Li & Chuanglin Fang, 2018. "Spatial Econometric Analysis of Urban and County-level Economic Growth Convergence in China," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 41(4), pages 410-447, July.
    14. B. Fingleton & P. Cheshire & H. Garretsen & D. Igliori & J. Le Gallo & P. McCann & J. McCombie & V. Monastiriotis & B. Moore & M. Roberts, 2009. "Editorial," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 243-248.
    15. Davide Fiaschi & Andrea Mario Lavezzi & Angela Parenti, 2018. "Does EU cohesion policy work? Theory and evidence," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 58(2), pages 386-423, March.
    16. Lin, Pei-Chien & Huang, Ho-Chuan (River), 2012. "Inequality convergence revisited: Evidence from stationarity panel tests with breaks and cross correlation," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 316-325.
    17. Goran Radosavljeviæ & Mihajlo Babin & Miloš Eriæ & Jelisaveta Lazareviæ, 2020. "Income convergence between Southeast Europe and the European Union," Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, vol. 38(2), pages 499-519.
    18. Mill�n D�az-Foncea & Carmen Marcuello, 2014. "The Relation between Total Employment and Cooperative Employment: A Convergence and Causality Analysis," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 71-92, March.
    19. Giuseppe Arbia, 2011. "A Lustrum of SEA: Recent Research Trends Following the Creation of the Spatial Econometrics Association (2007--2011)," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(4), pages 377-395, July.
    20. Kilroy,Austin Francis Louis & Ganau,Roberto, 2020. "Economic Growth in European Union NUTS-3 Regions," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9494, The World Bank.
    21. Scott W. Hegerty, 2016. "Regional Convergence and Growth Clusters in Central and Eastern Europe: An Examination of Sectoral-Level Data," Eastern European Business and Economics Journal, Eastern European Business and Economics Studies Centre, vol. 2(2), pages 95-110.
    22. Ganau, Roberto & Kilroy, Austin, 2023. "Detecting economic growth pathways in the EU’s lagging regions," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115162, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    23. Sakiru Adebola Solarin & Sinan Erdogan & Ugur Korkut Pata, 2023. "Convergence of Income Inequality in OECD Countries Since 1870: A Multi-Method Approach with Structural Changes," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 166(3), pages 601-626, April.
    24. Francesco Savoia, 2020. "Income Inequality Convergence Across EU Regions," LIS Working papers 760, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    25. Chambers, Dustin & Dhongde, Shatakshee, 2016. "Convergence in income distributions: Evidence from a panel of countries," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 262-270.

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    Keywords

    Income inequality; convergence; spatial econometrics; Europe; C21; C23; O12; O52;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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