IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/fininn/v10y2024i1d10.1186_s40854-023-00527-w.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Global shocks and fiscal stimulus: a tale of an oil-dependent-exporting country

Author

Listed:
  • David Iheke Okorie

    (Hangzhou City University (HZCU)
    University of Waikato
    Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA)
    SD Consulting Agency (SCA))

  • Boqiang Lin

    (Xiamen University)

Abstract

Global shocks potentially distort economy’s achieved equilibria. Considering the 2020 global crude oil price shock and the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic, this study proposes an energy and environment integrated general equilibrium model to analyze the economic, energy, and environmental effects of these global shocks on Nigeria, a developing, oil-producing, oil-dependent, and oil-exporting country. Furthermore, the mitigating roles of a fiscal stimulus–response package (palliative) are investigated and analyzed. Generally, the developed model predicts a decline in the level of economic activities. The study results are unsurprising due to Nigeria’s heavy reliance on crude oil. However, sectorial-specific impacts exist as some sectors experience output declines while others do not. Environmental quality is improved since more carbon is abated, nonetheless. Carbon intensities increased given that the price effects outweighed the quantity effects— reduced emission results from reduced economic activities and not from technological progress. The results further show a revenue-abatement paradox; a fixed carbon tax approach minimizes the tax revenue loss but may discourage carbon abatement. Conversely, the ad valorem and specific carbon tax systems encourage carbon abatement but reduce carbon tax revenues. The government’s fiscal policy stimulus–response (palliative) action dampens the impact of these global shocks on both the domestic agents and the overall economy. The results are robust and can be applied to the experiences of other developing oil-producing, oil-exporting, and oil-dependent economies.

Suggested Citation

  • David Iheke Okorie & Boqiang Lin, 2024. "Global shocks and fiscal stimulus: a tale of an oil-dependent-exporting country," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-37, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:fininn:v:10:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1186_s40854-023-00527-w
    DOI: 10.1186/s40854-023-00527-w
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1186/s40854-023-00527-w
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1186/s40854-023-00527-w?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bouri, Elie & Cepni, Oguzhan & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan, 2021. "Return connectedness across asset classes around the COVID-19 outbreak," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    2. Zhai, Mengyu & Huang, Guohe & Liu, Lirong & Guo, Zhengquan & Su, Shuai, 2021. "Segmented carbon tax may significantly affect the regional and national economy and environment-a CGE-based analysis for Guangdong Province," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    3. Liu, Jing-Yu & Lin, Shih-Mo & Xia, Yan & Fan, Ying & Wu, Jie, 2015. "A financial CGE model analysis: Oil price shocks and monetary policy responses in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 534-543.
    4. Harjoto, Maretno Agus & Rossi, Fabrizio & Lee, Robert & Sergi, Bruno S., 2021. "How do equity markets react to COVID-19? Evidence from emerging and developed countries," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    5. Garzon, Antonio J. & Hierro, Luis A., 2021. "Asymmetries in the transmission of oil price shocks to inflation in the eurozone," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    6. Agbahey, Johanes & Siddig, Khalid & Grethe, Harald, 2020. "Implications of labor supply specifications in CGE models: A demonstration for employment of Palestinian labor in Israel and its impact on the West Bank economy," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 265-284.
    7. Rempel, Arthur & Gupta, Joyeeta, 2021. "Fossil fuels, stranded assets and COVID-19: Imagining an inclusive & transformative recovery," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    8. Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad & Elie Bouri & Sang Hoon Kang & Tareq Saeed, 2021. "Regime specific spillover across cryptocurrencies and the role of COVID-19," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-24, December.
    9. Philip K Verleger, 2011. "Rising Crude Oil Prices: The Link to Environmental Regulations," Business Economics, Palgrave Macmillan;National Association for Business Economics, vol. 46(4), pages 239-248, October.
    10. David Iheke Okorie, 2017. "Testing the Existence of Cobb-Douglas and CES Production Functions in Nigeria," International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, vol. 7(3), pages 270-297, March.
    11. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Aikins Abakah, Emmanuel Joel & Gabauer, David & Dwumfour, Richard Adjei, 2022. "Dynamic spillover effects among green bond, renewable energy stocks and carbon markets during COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for hedging and investments strategies," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    12. Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Hu, Yang & Oxley, Les, 2021. "An analysis of investor behaviour and information flows surrounding the negative WTI oil price futures event," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    13. Ahundjanov, Behzod B. & Akhundjanov, Sherzod B. & Okhunjanov, Botir B., 2021. "Risk perception and oil and gasoline markets under COVID-19," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    14. David Iheke Okorie, 2019. "The Choice of Wage Rate and Incentive for Labour Productivity Maximization," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 62(2), pages 279-290, June.
    15. Li, Wei & Jia, Zhijie, 2016. "The impact of emission trading scheme and the ratio of free quota: A dynamic recursive CGE model in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1-14.
    16. F J André & M A Cardenete & C Romero, 2008. "Using compromise programming for macroeconomic policy making in a general equilibrium framework: theory and application to the Spanish economy," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 59(7), pages 875-883, July.
    17. Rania Jammazi & Duc Khuong Nguyen, 2017. "Estimating and forecasting portfolio’s Value-at-Risk with wavelet-based extreme value theory: Evidence from crude oil prices and US exchange rates," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 68(11), pages 1352-1362, November.
    18. Mayer, Jakob & Dugan, Anna & Bachner, Gabriel & Steininger, Karl W., 2021. "Is carbon pricing regressive? Insights from a recursive-dynamic CGE analysis with heterogeneous households for Austria," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    19. Ma, Richie Ruchuan & Xiong, Tao & Bao, Yukun, 2021. "The Russia-Saudi Arabia oil price war during the COVID-19 pandemic," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xu, Danyang & Hu, Yang & Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les, 2024. "Green bonds and traditional and emerging investments: Understanding connectedness during crises," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    2. Wei, Yu & Wang, Yizhi & Vigne, Samuel A. & Ma, Zhenyu, 2023. "Alarming contagion effects: The dangerous ripple effect of extreme price spillovers across crude oil, carbon emission allowance, and agriculture futures markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    3. Imran Yousaf & Shoaib Ali & Elie Bouri & Anupam Dutta, 2021. "Herding on Fundamental/Nonfundamental Information During the COVID-19 Outbreak and Cyber-Attacks: Evidence From the Cryptocurrency Market," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, July.
    4. Wang, Zi-Xin & Liu, Bing-Yue & Fan, Ying, 2023. "Network connectedness between China's crude oil futures and sector stock indices," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    5. Assaf, Ata & Mokni, Khaled & Youssef, Manel, 2023. "COVID-19 and information flow between cryptocurrencies, and conventional financial assets," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 73-81.
    6. Karkowska, Renata & Urjasz, Szczepan, 2023. "How does the Russian-Ukrainian war change connectedness and hedging opportunities? Comparison between dirty and clean energy markets versus global stock indices," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    7. Bouri, Elie & Saeed, Tareq & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Roubaud, David, 2021. "Quantile connectedness in the cryptocurrency market," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    8. Huang, Zishan & Zhu, Huiming & Hau, Liya & Deng, Xi, 2023. "Time-frequency co-movement and network connectedness between green bond and financial asset markets: Evidence from multiscale TVP-VAR analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    9. Castillo, Brenda & León, Ángel & Ñíguez, Trino-Manuel, 2021. "Backtesting VaR under the COVID-19 sudden changes in volatility," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    10. Dutta, Anupam & Park, Donghyun & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Kanjilal, Kakali & Ghosh, Sajal, 2024. "Do dirty and clean energy investments react to infectious disease-induced uncertainty?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    11. Liu, Xianglong Locky & Nassios, Jason & Giesecke, James, 2024. "To tax or to spend? Modelling tax policy responses to oil price shocks," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    12. Wang, Mei-Chih & Jiang, Peiyun & Chang, Tsangyao, 2025. "Re-examining China and the u.s.’s respective green bond markets in extreme conditions: Evidence from quantile connectedness," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(PA).
    13. Paresh Kumar Narayan & Syed Aun R. Rizvi & Ali Sakti, 2022. "Did green debt instruments aid diversification during the COVID-19 pandemic?," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-15, December.
    14. Al-Shboul, Mohammad & Assaf, Ata & Mokni, Khaled, 2022. "When bitcoin lost its position: Cryptocurrency uncertainty and the dynamic spillover among cryptocurrencies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    15. Samet Gunay & Gokberk Can, 2022. "The source of financial contagion and spillovers: An evaluation of the covid-19 pandemic and the global financial crisis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(1), pages 1-20, January.
    16. Hu, Yang & Lang, Chunlin & Corbet, Shaen & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les, 2023. "Exploring the dynamic behaviour of commodity market tail risk connectedness during the negative WTI pricing event," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    17. Boubaker, Sabri & Goodell, John W. & Kumar, Satish & Sureka, Riya, 2023. "COVID-19 and finance scholarship: A systematic and bibliometric analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    18. Shang, Jin & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2024. "Quantile time-frequency connectedness analysis between crude oil, gold, financial markets, and macroeconomic indicators: Evidence from the US and EU," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    19. Cocca, Teodoro & Gabauer, David & Pomberger, Stefan, 2024. "Clean energy market connectedness and investment strategies: New evidence from DCC-GARCH R2 decomposed connectedness measures," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    20. Conlon, Thomas & Corbet, Shaen & Goodell, John W. & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les, 2024. "Financial market information flows when counteracting rogue states: The indirect effects of targeted sanction packages," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 32-62.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:fininn:v:10:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1186_s40854-023-00527-w. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.