IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/empeco/v68y2025i2d10.1007_s00181-024-02659-z.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Revisiting precious metal mining stocks and precious metals as hedge, diversifiers and safe-havens: a multidimensional scaling and wavelet quantile correlation perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Zubair Ahmad Parrey

    (Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University)

  • Arif Billah Dar

    (Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University)

  • Manas Paul

    (Institute of Management Technology)

Abstract

We test whether precious metals and their mining stock counterparts are hedges, diversifiers or safe-havens against equity markets. We resort to multidimensional scaling and wavelet-based quantile correlation method to examine the association between precious metals, indices of precious metal mining stocks and equity market over both quantiles and frequencies. Our results indicate that the white precious metals and the mining stocks of gold and silver are potential diversifier assets. We also find that gold maintains the exclusivity of being both hedge and safe-haven against equity market. The results drawn have important implications for investors and managers operating at different time horizons in the equity market.

Suggested Citation

  • Zubair Ahmad Parrey & Arif Billah Dar & Manas Paul, 2025. "Revisiting precious metal mining stocks and precious metals as hedge, diversifiers and safe-havens: a multidimensional scaling and wavelet quantile correlation perspective," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 68(2), pages 511-533, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:68:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s00181-024-02659-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s00181-024-02659-z
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00181-024-02659-z
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s00181-024-02659-z?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Hillier & Paul Draper & Robert Faff, 2006. "Do Precious Metals Shine? An Investment Perspective," Financial Analysts Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 62(2), pages 98-106, March.
    2. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    3. Baur, Dirk G. & McDermott, Thomas K., 2010. "Is gold a safe haven? International evidence," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(8), pages 1886-1898, August.
    4. Dirk G. Baur & Brian M. Lucey, 2010. "Is Gold a Hedge or a Safe Haven? An Analysis of Stocks, Bonds and Gold," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 45(2), pages 217-229, May.
    5. Paul, Manas & Bhanja, Niyati & Dar, Arif Billah, 2019. "Gold, gold mining stocks and equities- partial wavelet coherence evidence from developed countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 378-384.
    6. McCown, James Ross & Shaw, Ron, 2017. "Investment potential and risk hedging characteristics of platinum group metals," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 328-337.
    7. Brian Lucey & Fergal O’connor, 2017. "Are gold bugs coherent?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 90-94, January.
    8. Batten, Jonathan A. & Ciner, Cetin & Kosedag, Arman & Lucey, Brian M., 2017. "Is the price of gold to gold mining stocks asymmetric?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 402-407.
    9. Nelson Areal & Benilde Oliveira & Raquel Sampaio, 2015. "When times get tough, gold is golden," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(6), pages 507-526, April.
    10. Dirk Baur & Duy Tran, 2014. "The long-run relationship of gold and silver and the influence of bubbles and financial crises," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 1525-1541, December.
    11. Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Sadorsky, Perry & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Bouri, Elie & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Regime specific spillovers across US sectors and the role of oil price volatility," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    12. Ciner, Cetin & Gurdgiev, Constantin & Lucey, Brian M., 2013. "Hedges and safe havens: An examination of stocks, bonds, gold, oil and exchange rates," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 202-211.
    13. Guodong Li & Yang Li & Chih-Ling Tsai, 2015. "Quantile Correlations and Quantile Autoregressive Modeling," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 110(509), pages 246-261, March.
    14. Beckmann, Joscha & Berger, Theo & Czudaj, Robert, 2015. "Does gold act as a hedge or a safe haven for stocks? A smooth transition approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 16-24.
    15. Wen, Fenghua & Tong, Xi & Ren, Xiaohang, 2022. "Gold or Bitcoin, which is the safe haven during the COVID-19 pandemic?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    16. Severin Borenstein & Joseph Farrell, 2007. "Do investors forecast fat firms? Evidence from the gold-mining industry," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 38(3), pages 626-647, September.
    17. Belousova, Julia & Dorfleitner, Gregor, 2012. "On the diversification benefits of commodities from the perspective of euro investors," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2455-2472.
    18. Brian M. Lucey & Sile Li, 2015. "What precious metals act as safe havens, and when? Some US evidence," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(1), pages 35-45, January.
    19. Jozef Baruník & Tomáš Křehlík, 2018. "Measuring the Frequency Dynamics of Financial Connectedness and Systemic Risk," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 271-296.
    20. Dirk G. Baur, 2014. "Gold mining companies and the price of gold," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(4), pages 174-181, November.
    21. Francis X. Diebold & Kamil Yilmaz, 2016. "Trans-Atlantic Equity Volatility Connectedness: U.S. and European Financial Institutions, 2004–2014," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 14(1), pages 81-127.
    22. Kumar, Anoop S & Padakandla, Steven Raj, 2022. "Testing the safe-haven properties of gold and bitcoin in the backdrop of COVID-19: A wavelet quantile correlation approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB).
    23. Baur, Dirk G., 2014. "Gold mining companies and the price of gold," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 174-181.
    24. Massimiliano Barbi & Hélyette Geman & Silvia Romagnoli, 2020. "Diamonds and precious metals for reduction of portfolio tail risk," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(26), pages 2841-2861, May.
    25. Baur, Dirk G. & Prange, Philipp & Schweikert, Karsten, 2021. "Flight to quality – Gold mining shares versus gold bullion," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    26. Li, Sile & Lucey, Brian M., 2017. "Reassessing the role of precious metals as safe havens–What colour is your haven and why?," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 7(C), pages 1-14.
    27. Dar, Arif Billah & Bhanja, Niyati & Paul, Manas, 2019. "Do gold mining stocks behave like gold or equities? Evidence from the UK and the US," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 369-384.
    28. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    29. Arif Billah Dar & Debasish Maitra, 2017. "Is gold a weak or strong hedge and safe haven against stocks? Robust evidences from three major gold-consuming countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(53), pages 5491-5503, November.
    30. O’Connor, Fergal A. & Lucey, Brian M. & Baur, Dirk G., 2016. "Do gold prices cause production costs? International evidence from country and company data," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 186-196.
    31. Shah, Adil Ahmad & Paul, Manas & Bhanja, Niyati & Dar, Arif Billah, 2021. "Dynamics of connectedness across crude oil, precious metals and exchange rate: Evidence from time and frequency domains," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    32. Paul, Manas & Bhanja, Niyati & Dar, Arif Billah, 2023. "On the similarities between precious metals, precious metal stocks and equities – International evidence for gold and silver," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    33. Bredin, Don & Conlon, Thomas & Potì, Valerio, 2017. "The price of shelter - Downside risk reduction with precious metals," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 48-58.
    34. Agyei-Ampomah, Sam & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Mazouz, Khelifa, 2014. "Does gold offer a better protection against losses in sovereign debt bonds than other metals?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 507-521.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Agyemang, Abraham & Hasan Chowdhury, Md Iftekhar & Hasan, Mudassar & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2022. "Precious metals as hedge and safe haven for African stock markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    2. Salisu, Afees A. & Ndako, Umar B. & Oloko, Tirimisiyu F., 2019. "Assessing the inflation hedging of gold and palladium in OECD countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 357-377.
    3. Paul, Manas & Bhanja, Niyati & Dar, Arif Billah, 2023. "On the similarities between precious metals, precious metal stocks and equities – International evidence for gold and silver," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    4. Enilov, Martin & Mensi, Walid & Stankov, Petar, 2023. "Does safe haven exist? Tail risks of commodity markets during COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    5. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Lucey, Brian M. & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Is gold a hedge or a safe-haven asset in the COVID–19 crisis?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    6. Paul, Manas & Bhanja, Niyati & Dar, Arif Billah, 2019. "Gold, gold mining stocks and equities- partial wavelet coherence evidence from developed countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 378-384.
    7. Mensi, Walid & Aslan, Aylin & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Time-frequency spillovers and connectedness between precious metals, oil futures and financial markets: Hedge and safe haven implications," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 219-232.
    8. Mensi, Walid & Sensoy, Ahmet & Aslan, Aylin & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2019. "High-frequency asymmetric volatility connectedness between Bitcoin and major precious metals markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    9. Baur, Dirk G. & Prange, Philipp & Schweikert, Karsten, 2021. "Flight to quality – Gold mining shares versus gold bullion," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    10. Troster, Victor & Bouri, Elie & Roubaud, David, 2019. "A quantile regression analysis of flights-to-safety with implied volatilities," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 482-495.
    11. Hoque, Mohammad Enamul & Billah, Mabruk & Alam, Md Rafayet & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2024. "Gold-backed cryptocurrencies: A hedging tool against categorical and regional financial stress," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    12. Abdulsalam Abidemi Sikiru & Afees A. Salisu, 2022. "Assessing the hedging potential of gold and other precious metals against uncertainty due to epidemics and pandemics," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(4), pages 2199-2214, August.
    13. Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed & Mensi, Walid & Maitra, Debasish & Al-Jarrah, Idries Mohammad Wanas, 2019. "Portfolio management and dependencies among precious metal markets: Evidence from a Copula quantile-on-quantile approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    14. Höfler, Markus & Schertler, Andrea, 2024. "Financial integration and hedging and safe haven properties of metals for sovereign bonds," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    15. Pierdzioch, Christian & Risse, Marian & Rohloff, Sebastian, 2016. "Are precious metals a hedge against exchange-rate movements? An empirical exploration using bayesian additive regression trees," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 27-38.
    16. Hampl, Filip & Vágnerová Linnertová, Dagmar & Horváth, Matúš, 2024. "Crypto havens during war times? Evidence from the Russian invasion of Ukraine," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    17. Mensi, Walid & Ali, Syed Riaz Mahmood & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "Multiscale dependence, spillovers, and connectedness between precious metals and currency markets: A hedge and safe-haven analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    18. Charles, Amélie & Darné, Olivier & Kim, Jae H., 2015. "Will precious metals shine? A market efficiency perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 284-291.
    19. Lei, Heng & Xue, Minggao & Liu, Huiling & Ye, Jing, 2023. "Precious metal as a safe haven for global ESG stocks: Portfolio implications for socially responsible investing," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    20. Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2021. "Time and frequency connectedness and network across the precious metal and stock markets: Evidence from top precious metal importers and exporters," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Wavelet quantile correlation; Gold mining stock; Silver mining stock; Multidimensional scaling; Gold; Platinum;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:68:y:2025:i:2:d:10.1007_s00181-024-02659-z. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.