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Geographic variation in change in income inequality among US states, 1970-1990

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  • Richard Morrill

    (Department of Geography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA)

Abstract

Income inequality in the United States has increased greatly over the last 25 years. This paper examines geographic variation across the states in income inequality from 1970 to 1990 for family and for non-family households. Richer and larger metropolitan states, which had less inequality in 1970, became far more unequal, while many less metropolitan, poorer states in 1970, changed less. Associated with greater inequality or increase in inequality were economic restructuring (low wage versus high end services), surplus labor (babyboom entry, immigration), deregulation and tax changes, spatial polarization within metropolitan areas, family instability and higher shares of proprietary income; and with lesser inequality (or less change) manufacturing growth, higher (female) labor force participation and metro-politan growth (as in the South and the Plains).

Suggested Citation

  • Richard Morrill, 2000. "Geographic variation in change in income inequality among US states, 1970-1990," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 34(1), pages 109-130.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:anresc:v:34:y:2000:i:1:p:109-130
    Note: Received: February 1998/Accepted: July 1998
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Janet E. Kodras, 1997. "The Changing Map of American Poverty in an Era of Economic Restructuring and Political Realignment," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 73(1), pages 67-93, January.
    2. Daniel J. Slottje, 1990. "Change in the U.S. Income Distribution from 1970 to 1980: Assessing State and Regional Impacts," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 25(2), pages 267-274.
    3. Topel, Robert H, 1994. "Regional Labor Markets and the Determinants of Wage Inequality," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(2), pages 17-22, May.
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    6. William Levernier & Dan S. Rickman & Mark D. Partridge, 1995. "Variation in U.S. State Income Inequality: 1960-1990," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 18(3), pages 355-378, July.
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    Cited by:

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    2. David J. Peters, 2011. "Place-Based Income Inequality Clusters in the Rural North Central Region, 1979–2009," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 33(2), pages 222-240.
    3. Barnett, Ross & Pearce, Jamie & Moon, Graham, 2005. "Does social inequality matter? Changing ethnic socio-economic disparities and Maori smoking in New Zealand, 1981-1996," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(7), pages 1515-1526, April.
    4. Robert G. Lynch, 2003. "Estimates of Income and Income Inequality in the United States and in Each of the Fifty States: 1988–1999," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 571-588, August.
    5. J. Matthew Shumway & Samuel M. Otterstrom, 2015. "Income Migration and Income Convergence across U.S. States, 1995–2010," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(4), pages 593-610, December.
    6. Nobuo Akai & Masayo Hosio, 2009. "Fiscal Decentralization, Commitment and Regional Inequality: Evidence from State-level Cross-sectional Data for the United States," Journal of Income Distribution, Ad libros publications inc., vol. 18(1), pages 113-129, March.
    7. Sébastien Breau, 2010. "Low-Income-Country Import Competition and the Structure of Earnings Inequality in Canada, 1996–2001," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 42(8), pages 1964-1986, August.
    8. Bittencourt, Manoel & Chang, Shinhye & Gupta, Rangan & Miller, Stephen M., 2019. "Does financial development affect income inequality in the U.S. States?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 1043-1056.
    9. Sergio Rey & Myrna Sastré-Gutiérrez, 2010. "Interregional Inequality Dynamics in Mexico," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(3), pages 277-298.
    10. Manoel Bittencourt & Shinhye Chang & Rangan Gupta & Stephen M. Miller, 2018. "Does Financial Development Affect Income Inequality in the U.S. States? A Panel Data Analysis," Working Papers 201803, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
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