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Tous ensemble ?

Author

Listed:
  • Département analyse et prévision de l'OFCE
  • Henri Sterdyniak
  • Hélène Baudchon
  • Odile Chagny
  • Thierry Latreille
  • Catherine Mathieu
  • Olivier Passet
  • Christine Rifflart
  • Claire Sensoli
  • Paola Veroni
  • Hervé Péléraux
  • Francisco Serranito

Abstract

[fre] Au début du printemps 2000, les perspectives de croissance mondiale sont très favorables : 4,2 % en 2000 et 3,9 en 2001, après 3,2 en 1999. Cette vigueur résulte de la poursuite d'une forte expansion aux États-Unis, d'une nette reprise dans la zone euro et au Royaume-Uni, du dynamisme retrouvé des pays émergents d'Asie et des économies en transition, enfin d'un rebond en Russie et en Amérique latine. La plus notable exception reste le Japon. La croissance est impulsée par le dynamisme de l'industrie et de l'investissement productif.. Le décalage conjoncturel de la zone euro vis-à-vis des États-Unis n'explique pas l'ampleur de la dépréciation de l'euro en 1999, aussi bien vis-à-vis du dollar que du yen. La baisse de l'euro pourrait reposer sur des facteurs plus fondamentaux comme l'internationalisation intense des entreprises européennes. La convergence des taux longs, vers des niveaux de 6 % au début de 2001, marquerait un mouvement d'appréciation de l'euro face au dollar. Les Bourses, en particulier américaines, restent la principale épée de Damoclès de l'économie mondiale : elles ont atteint des niveaux sans précédent, qui aboutissent à des ratios profit/cours boursiers extrêmement bas, surtout pour les valeurs liées aux nouvelles technologies. Le krach semble inévitable, même si sa date est difficilement prévisible.. On pourrait craindre que la croissance mondiale soit étouffée par des tensions inflationnistes causées par sa vigueur et sa généralité. Mais les tensions sur les prix du pétrole semblent s'atténuer. Le cours du Brent avoisinerait 23 dollars au deuxième trimestre et 20 dollars en 2001. Au Japon, la reprise de l'investissement public, cumulée une contribution extérieure positive, à la réalisation des commandes de biens d'équipement et au sursaut des salaires permettrait un rebond vigoureux du PIB au premier semestre et une croissance proche de 2% en 2000. À l'horizon 2001, la permanence de surcapacités privées et un ajustement de la politique budgétaire feraient retomber la croissance à 1,3%. Les pays émergents d'Asie ont repris le chemin de la croissance en 1999. Pour autant, les restructurations bancaires continuent de peser sur les finances publiques et sur le financement de l'économie. Les perspectives de croissance sont néanmoins globalement très favorables : 6,4% en 2000 et 6,6 en 2001. L'Amérique latine reste marquée par la crise financière et confrontée à un surendettement chronique. Une reprise est malgré tout visible dans les principaux pays au second semestre 1999. La croissance de la zone serait de 3,8% en 2000 et 4,3 en 2001. Les performances économiques de la Russie en 1999 ont été meilleures qu'escomptées grâce aux gains de compétitivité induits par la chute du rouble en 1998 et à la hausse du prix du pétrole. La croissance est repartie dans les pays d'Europe centrale et orientale après une période difficile en raison de la répercussion de la crise russe et, pour les pays des Balkans, de la guerre du Kosovo Dans la zone euro, l'activité bénéficie de taux d'intérêt relativement bas, de politiques budgétaires légèrement expansionnistes, d'une bonne situation financière des entreprises et du niveau de l'euro. Les croissances allemande et italienne accéléreraient enfin. La croissance de la zone serait de 3,6% en 2000 et 3,4 en 2001. [eng] All together ?. Forecast for the world economy in 2000 and 2001. Division economie internationale. Activity is expected to expand rapidly in many parts of the world economy (4,2 % in 2000 and 3,9 % in 2001), except in Japan where an excess of capacity still impediments growth. Asian emerging economies are growing rapidly again, even if structural problems remain. Activity is expanding in Latin America and in Central and Eastern Europe. Growth is expected to remain buoyant in the US in 2000 before softly decelerating. In the Euro Area output is sustained by low interest rates, slightly expansionary fiscal policies, a weakened Euro and improved corporate profitability. Monetary policies will be tightened to moderate US and European output growth. Oil priees are expected to decline from $30 a barrel in early 2000 to $20 in 2001. This will ease world inflationary pressures. The major threat to world growth remains a collapse of stocks markets.. JEL code : F 01

Suggested Citation

  • Département analyse et prévision de l'OFCE & Henri Sterdyniak & Hélène Baudchon & Odile Chagny & Thierry Latreille & Catherine Mathieu & Olivier Passet & Christine Rifflart & Claire Sensoli & Paola Ve, 2000. "Tous ensemble ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 73(1), pages 7-113.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_2000_num_73_1_1587
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.2000.1587
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.2000.1587
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