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Agriculture européenne, marchés internationaux, croissance des PVD et sécurité alimentaire

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  • Alexander Sarris

Abstract

[fre] La CEE, en raison de son importance, a un impact significatif sur les marchés agricoles mondiaux. Les politiques agricoles communes ont eu tendance à déprécier et déstabiliser les prix mondiaux. Les analyses empiriques suggèrent que ces effets sont significatifs, que les pays en développement sont affectés, mais dans une moindre mesure que les pays développés. Cependant, les pays les moins développés importateurs d'aliments ont eu tendance à être favorisés par les politiques de la CEE, surtout depuis que la CEE a compensé les politiques restrictives en matière d'importations agricoles par des accords de préférence bilatérale. La nature du problème d'insécurité alimentaire, aussi bien chronique que transitoire, dans les PVD est analysée, et on montre que l'instabilité de la consommation retarde la croissance des pays les plus pauvres mais aussi de l'ensemble des nations. On montre que les solutions basées sur le marché sont peu efficaces pour éviter l'insécurité alimentaire, et que les approches directes, en dehors du marché, sont préférables. On suggère qu'un « fond d'assurance alimentaire » soit institué soit unilatéralement par la CEE ou en conjonction avec d'autres pays donateurs, afin d'améliorer la sécurité alimentaire dans le monde. [eng] The EC has a significant impact on world agricultural markets because of its size. Protective CAP policies have tended to depress and destabilize world market prices. The empirical evidence reviewed suggests that these effects are significant, and that developing countries are affected, albeit not as much as developed ones. However, least developed food importing countries tend to be favoured by EC policies, especially since the EC has tended to compensate restrictive agricultural import policies with bilateral preferences. The nature of chronic and transitory food insecurity problem in developing countries is examined, and it is argued that consumption instability retards growth both of the very poor, as well as whole countries. It is argued that market based solutions do little to alleviate food insecurity, and that direct non-market approaches are preferable. It is suggested that a « food insurance fund » is instituted either unilaterally by the EC or in conjunction with other donors, as an effective means to improve worldwide food security.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Sarris, 1991. "Agriculture européenne, marchés internationaux, croissance des PVD et sécurité alimentaire," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 205(1), pages 5-15.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recoru:ecoru_0013-0559_1991_num_205_1_4223
    DOI: 10.3406/ecoru.1991.4223
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecoru.1991.4223
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    References listed on IDEAS

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