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Les structure des salaires en France et en Allemagne en 1995 : une analyse statistique comparative des hiérarchies salariales

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  • Peter Kaukewitsch
  • Dominique Rouault

Abstract

[fre] Les structures des salaires en France et en Allemagne en 1995 : une analyse statistique comparative des hiérarchies salariales . Les salaires horaires bruts des Allemands de l'Ouest dépassent de plus de 25 %, en moyenne, ceux des Français, en parité de pouvoir d'achat, dans les établissements de 1 0 salariés ou plus, des secteurs économiques de l'industrie, du commerce, de la construction et des services financiers. Cet avantage est fortement diminué en termes de revenu disponible. Les différences, mineures, de composition de la main- d'œuvre salariée n'expliquent pas l'écart de salaire brut moyen entre les deux pays. Des types distincts de formation des salaires sont à l'œuvre de chaque côté du Rhin. La . rarchie salariale est beaucoup plus ouverte en France, au bénéfice des plus âgés, des cadres et des personnes travaillant en Île-de-France. Le niveau d'éducation semble y jouer un rôle plus déterminant. Les disparités de situation des salariés allemands paraissent davantage dépendre de la taille et de la situation de leur entreprise. Les Allemandes travaillent plus souvent à temps partiel, au prix de pertes de salaire horaire plus grandes, mais parviennent plus souvent que les Françaises à occuper des postes de professions intermédiaires. [eng] Wage Structures in France and Germany in 1995: A Comparative Statistical Analysis of Wage Spreads . West German gross hourly wages are on average 25% higher in purchasing power parity terms than French gross hourly wages in establishments with 10 or more employees in industry, trade, construction and financial services. This percentage falls sharply when considered in terms of disposable income. The minor differences in work force make-up do not explain the deviation in gross wages between the two countries. The two countries have distinct forms of wage setting. The wage spread in France is a lot more open to the benefit of older employees, executives and those working in the Paris area. Qualifications would also appear to be more of a determining factor in France. Differences in the wage status of German employees would seem to depend more on the size and the situation of the firm for which they work. Germans work more on a part-time basis for lower hourly wages than in France. However, they manage more often than the French to work in middle management positions. [ger] Die Verdienststrukturen in Frankreich und in Deutschland im Jahre 1995: Eine vergleichende statistische Analyse der Verdiensthierarchien . In der Industrie, im Handel, im Baugewerbe oder im Bereich der Finanzdienstleistungen ist der Bruttostundenverdienst der Westdeutschen - bei Kaufkraftparitàt - in den Betrieben mit mehr als 1 0 Beschâftigten um durchschnittlich ùber25% hôher als derjenige der Franzosen. Hinsichtlich des verfugbaren Einkommens nimmt dieser Vorteil jedoch ab. Die geringfùgigen Unterschiede bei der Zusammensetzung der Arbeitnehmer erklâren nicht die Differenz zwischen dem durchschnittlichen Bruttolohn in beiden Lândern. Unterschiedliche Lohnfestsetzungsverfahren spielen auf beiden Seiten des Rheins eine Rolle. In Frankreich ist die Verdiensthierarchie viel offener, was den àltesten Arbeitnehmern, den Fùhrungskrâften und den Beschâftigten in der Pariser Region zugute kommt. Das Ausbildungsniveau scheint hierbei eine entscheidendere Rolle zu spielen. Die unterschiedlichen Situationen der deutschen Arbeitnehmer hângen - wie es scheint - in stârkerem Ma3e von der GrôBe und dem Standort ihres Unternehmens ab. Die Deutschen gehen hàufigereinerTeilzeitbeschàftigung nach, was auf Kosten grôBerer Verluste beim Stundenlohn geht; es gelingt ihnen aber ôfter als den Franzosen, eine Stelle in der mittleren Fùhrungsebene einzunehmen. [spa] Las estructuras de los salarios en Francia y en Alemania en 1995 : un anâlisis estadfstico comparativo de las jerarqufas salariales . Los salarios horarios brutos de los alemanes del oeste superan en un 25 % de promedio a los de los franceses, en paridad de poder adquisitivo, en los establecimientos de 10 asalariados o mâs, de los sectores econômicos de la industria, del comercio, de la construcciôn y de los servicios financieros. Esta ventaja se reduce mucho en cuanto a la renta disponible. Las diferencias, menores, de la composiciôn de la mano de obra asalariada no explican la diferencia de salario bruto mediano entre ambos pafses. Operan unos tipos distintos de formaciôn salarial a ambds lados del Rin. La jerarquia salarial es mucho mâs abierta en Francia, a favor de los de mâs edad, de los ejecutivos y de las personas que trabajan en la region Ile-de-France. El nivel de educaciôn parece desempenar también un papel déterminante. Las disparidades de situaciôn de los asalariados alemanes parece depender mâs del tamano y de la situaciôn de su empresa. Las alemanas trabajan mâs a menudo a tiempo parcial, a costa de pérdidas de salario horario mayores, pero consiguen ocupar con mâs frecuencia que las francesas puestos de profesiones intermedias.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Kaukewitsch & Dominique Rouault, 1998. "Les structure des salaires en France et en Allemagne en 1995 : une analyse statistique comparative des hiérarchies salariales," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 315(1), pages 3-27.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_315_1_2637
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2637
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2637
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alain Bayet, 1996. "Carrières continues, carrières incomplètes et salaires," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 299(1), pages 21-36.
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    4. Sonja Munz, 1997. "Frauenerwerbstätigkeit im Spannungsfeld veränderter Lebensentwürfe und wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Regelungen," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 50(23), pages 21-35, October.
    5. Daniel Verger, 1996. "Aux sources des carrières salariales et de l'emploi : les firmes et les salariés," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 299(1), pages 3-20.
    6. Christian Baudelot & Michel Gollac, 1997. "Le salaire du trentenaire : question d'âge ou de génération ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 304(1), pages 17-35.
    7. Joachim Wagner, 1990. "Le test de fonctions de gains : résultats pour cinq pays," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 92(1), pages 61-66.
    8. Catherine Sofer, 1990. "La répartition des emplois par sexe : capital humain ou discrimination," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 92(1), pages 77-85.
    9. Daniel Depardieu & Jean-François Payen, 1986. "Disparités de salaires dans l'industrie en France et en Allemagne : des ressemblances frappantes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 188(1), pages 23-34.
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    1. Boyer, Robert, 2001. "Du rapport salarial fordiste à la diversité des relations salariales," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Couverture Orange) 0114, CEPREMAP.
    2. Lauer, Charlotte, 2003. "Family background, cohort and education: A French-German comparison based on a multivariate ordered probit model of educational attainment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(2), pages 231-251, April.
    3. Wolf, Elke, 2002. "Lower wage rates for fewer hours? A simultaneous wage-hours model for Germany," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(5), pages 643-663, November.
    4. Frédéric Rupprecht & Bruno Tissot & Frédéric Chatel, 1998. "Le système de santé allemand : vers une plus grande responsabilisation de l'ensemble des acteurs," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 318(1), pages 17-40.

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