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Does Agricultural Extension Pay? The Training and Visit System in Northwest India

Author

Listed:
  • Gershon Feder
  • Roger H. Slade
  • Lawrence J. Lau

Abstract

The paper presents the results from a study of the effect of the Training and Visit (T&V) System of agricultural extension on farm productivity. Two adjacent areas in northwest India, one with T&V extension and one with an older system, are compared, utilizing farm-level data. Econometric analysis demonstrates that the T&V area had a wheat yield advantage of 9.33% after four years of T&V extension. The baseline yield differential was calculated as 3.01%. The gain attributable to T&V is shown to imply a return of at least 15% to the incremental investment in extension with high probability.

Suggested Citation

  • Gershon Feder & Roger H. Slade & Lawrence J. Lau, 1987. "Does Agricultural Extension Pay? The Training and Visit System in Northwest India," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 69(3), pages 677-686.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:69:y:1987:i:3:p:677-686.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ram Fishman & Stephen C. Smith & Vida Bobic & Munshi Sulaiman, 2022. "Can Agricultural Extension and Input Support Be Discontinued? Evidence from a Randomized Phaseout in Uganda," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 104(6), pages 1273-1288, November.
    2. Marsh, Sally P. & Pannell, David J., 2000. "Agricultural extension policy in Australia: the good, the bad, and the misguided," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 44(4), pages 1-23.
    3. Pal, Suresh & Singh, Alka, 1997. "Agricultural Research and Extension in India: Institutional Structure and Investments," Policy Papers 344965, ICAR National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research (NIAP).
    4. Babu, Suresh Chandra & Joshi, P.K. & Glendenning, Claire J. & Kwadwo, Asenso-Okyere & Rasheed, Sulaiman V., 2013. "The State of Agricultural Extension Reforms in India: Strategic Priorities and Policy Options," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 26(2).
    5. Anderson, Jock R. & Feder, Gershon & Ganguly, Sushma, 2006. "The rise and fall of training and visit extension : an Asian mini-drama with an African epilogue," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3928, The World Bank.
    6. Tambo, Justice A. & Uzayisenga, Bellancile & Mugambi, Idah & Bundi, Mary & Silvestri, Silvia, 2020. "Plant clinics, farm performance and poverty alleviation: Panel data evidence from Rwanda," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    7. repec:aer:wpaper:379 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Biggs, Stephen & Smith, Sally, 2003. "A Paradox of Learning in Project Cycle Management and the Role of Organizational Culture," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(10), pages 1743-1757, October.
    9. Jacopo Bonan & Harounan Kazianga & Mariapia Mendola, 2019. "Agricultural Transformation and Farmers' Expectations: Experimental Evidence from Uganda," Development Working Papers 458, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano.
    10. Arslan, Cansın & Wollni, Meike & Oduol, Judith & Hughes, Karl, 2022. "Who communicates the information matters for technology adoption," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    11. Byerlee, Derek, 1990. "Technical Change, Productivity, and Sustainability in Irrigated Cropping Systems of South Asia: Emerging Issues in the Post-Green Revolution Era," Economics Working Papers 232451, CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
    12. Munir Ahmad & Ghulam Mustafa Chaudhry & Mohammad Iqbal, 2002. "Wheat Productivity, Efficiency, and Sustainability: A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 41(4), pages 643-663.
    13. Rejesus, Roderick M. & Heisey, Paul W. & Smale, Melinda, 1999. "Sources of Productivity Growth in Wheat: A Review of Recent Performance and Medium- to Long-Term Prospects," Economics Working Papers 7693, CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.
    14. Hussain, S. Sajidin & Byerlee, Derek R., 1995. "Education and Farm Productivity in Post- 'green revolution' Agriculture in Asia," 1994 Conference, August 22-29, 1994, Harare, Zimbabwe 183412, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    15. Azam, Qazi Tauqir & Bloom, Erik A. & Evenson, Robert E., 1991. "Agricultural Research Productivity in Pakistan," Center Discussion Papers 321325, Yale University, Economic Growth Center.
    16. Byerlee, Derek, 1990. "Technical Change, Productivity, and Sustainability in Irrigated Wheat Systems of Asia: Emerging Issues," 1990 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Vancouver, Canada 270921, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    17. Sial, Maqbool H. & Carter, Michael R., 1992. "Is Targeted Small Farm Credit Necessary? A Microeconometric Analysis of Capital Market Efficiency in the Punjab," Staff Papers 200562, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    18. Kilugala Malimi, 2023. "Agricultural input subsidies, extension services, and farm labour productivity nexus: Evidence from maize farmers in Tanzania," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(3), pages 874-898, September.
    19. Carter, Michael R. & Tjernström, Emilia & Toledo, Patricia, 2019. "Heterogeneous impact dynamics of a rural business development program in Nicaragua," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 77-98.
    20. Marc F. Bellemare, 2010. "Agricultural extension and imperfect supervision in contract farming: evidence from Madagascar," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 41(6), pages 507-517, November.
    21. Nava Ashaf & Xavier Gine & Dean Karlan, 2006. "Growing export-oriented crops in kenya: An evaluation of drumnet services," Natural Field Experiments 00208, The Field Experiments Website.
    22. repec:zib:zbseps:v:3:y:2023:i:1:p:26-31 is not listed on IDEAS
    23. Bala, Brij & Sharma, S.D. & Sharma, R.K., 2006. "Knowledge and Adoption Level of Improved Technology among Rural Women owing to Extension Programmes," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 19(2), July.
    24. Marsh, Sally P. & Pannell, David J. & Lindner, Robert K., 2004. "Does agricultural extension pay?: A case study for a new crop, lupins, in Western Australia," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 17-30, January.

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