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The positive–negative–competence (PNC) model of psychological responses to representations of robots

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  • Dario Krpan

    (London School of Economics and Political Science)

  • Jonathan E. Booth

    (London School of Economics and Political Science)

  • Andreea Damien

    (London School of Economics and Political Science)

Abstract

Robots are becoming an increasingly prominent part of society. Despite their growing importance, there exists no overarching model that synthesizes people’s psychological reactions to robots and identifies what factors shape them. To address this, we created a taxonomy of affective, cognitive and behavioural processes in response to a comprehensive stimulus sample depicting robots from 28 domains of human activity (for example, education, hospitality and industry) and examined its individual difference predictors. Across seven studies that tested 9,274 UK and US participants recruited via online panels, we used a data-driven approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques to develop the positive–negative–competence model, which categorizes all psychological processes in response to the stimulus sample into three dimensions: positive, negative and competence-related. We also established the main individual difference predictors of these dimensions and examined the mechanisms for each predictor. Overall, this research provides an in-depth understanding of psychological functioning regarding representations of robots.

Suggested Citation

  • Dario Krpan & Jonathan E. Booth & Andreea Damien, 2023. "The positive–negative–competence (PNC) model of psychological responses to representations of robots," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 7(11), pages 1933-1954, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nathum:v:7:y:2023:i:11:d:10.1038_s41562-023-01705-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01705-7
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