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Do boards effectively link firm objectives to CEO bonus performance measures?

Author

Listed:
  • Orla Lenihan

    (University of Galway)

  • Niamh M. Brennan

    (University College Dublin)

Abstract

This study examines whether S&P 500 boards govern their firms effectively by linking short-term operational objectives to appropriate CEO bonus performance measures. Our cross-sectional regression analysis reveals that firms with higher growth opportunities place more reliance on sales and growth performance measures in CEO bonus plans. We also find that cash-strapped firms emphasize the use of cash-based CEO performance measures. However, boards of high-cost firms do not tie a greater portion of CEO bonus to measures informative of cost-cutting efforts. This observation is contrary to effective-governance expectations and implies that boards should regularly scrutinize CEO bonus measures to ensure alignment with value-creating firm objectives. Additionally, we report an increase over time in the mean weight of social-and-environmental measures in CEO bonus plans. Boards evaluate CEO performance on sustainability issues by including quantifiable short-term performance targets in CEO bonus plans. However, there is currently a dearth of evidence on the optimality of sustainability linked executive pay in the academic literature. Our evidence on the rising weight of social-and-environmental measures in CEO bonus plans should motivate further research on this topic.

Suggested Citation

  • Orla Lenihan & Niamh M. Brennan, 2025. "Do boards effectively link firm objectives to CEO bonus performance measures?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 29(1), pages 11-38, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jmgtgv:v:29:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1007_s10997-023-09690-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s10997-023-09690-9
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    1. Andrea Melis, 2025. "Beyond methodological monism: embracing pluralism in governance research," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 29(1), pages 1-9, March.

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