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Who is Victimized by Fraud? Evidence from Consumer Protection Cases

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  • D. Raval

    (Federal Trade Commission)

Abstract

This paper examines how fraud victimization varies across communities using data on victims from 23 consumer protection law enforcement actions. These cases span several different types of fraudulent activity, including payday loan, student debt relief, health care, and business opportunity scams, providing evidence on how demographics vary across types of fraud. For these cases, victim rates are higher in more heavily black, higher income, older, and more urban communities and are lower in more heavily Hispanic, higher household size, higher credit score, and more college-educated communities.

Suggested Citation

  • D. Raval, 2021. "Who is Victimized by Fraud? Evidence from Consumer Protection Cases," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 43-72, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jcopol:v:44:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10603-020-09466-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s10603-020-09466-w
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Marguerite Deliema & Doug Shadel & Karla Pak & Olivier Toubia & Gita V Johar & J Jeffrey Inman, 2020. "Profiling Victims of Investment Fraud: Mindsets and Risky Behaviors [Boys Will Be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence, and Common Stock Investment]," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 46(5), pages 904-914.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lilik Sugiharti & Miguel Angel Esquivias & Mohd Shahidan Shaari & Lussi Agustin & Hilda Rohmawati, 2022. "Criminality and Income Inequality in Indonesia," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-19, March.
    2. H. Lim & J. C. Letkiewicz, 2023. "Consumer Experience of Mistreatment and Fraud in Financial Services: Implications from an Integrative Consumer Vulnerability Framework," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 109-135, June.
    3. Jessie X. Fan & Zhou Yu, 2022. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Consumer Financial Fraud in China," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 43(2), pages 384-396, June.
    4. Marguerite DeLiema & Paul Witt, 2021. "Mixed Methods Analysis of Consumer Fraud Reports of the Social Security Administration Impostor Scam," Working Papers wp434, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center.

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