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Traditional, Cyber and Combined Bullying Roles: Differences in Risky Online and Offline Activities

Author

Listed:
  • Sebastian Wachs

    (Department of Educational Studies, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstr. 1-3, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • Marianne Junger

    (Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500-AE Enschede, The Netherland)

  • Ruthaychonee Sittichai

    (Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Muang, Pattani 94000, Thailand)

Abstract

This study (1) reports frequency rates of mutually exclusive traditional, cyber and combined (both traditional and cyber) bullying roles; and (2) investigates whether adolescents belonging to particular bullying roles show higher levels of involvement in risky online activities (Compulsive Internet Use (CIU), online grooming victimization, and sexting) and risky offline activities (bad behavior in school, drinking alcohol and truancy) than non-involved adolescents. The sample comprised self-reports of 1928 German, Dutch and Thai adolescents (Age = 12–18; M = 14.52; SD = 1.6). The results revealed age, sex and country differences in bullying frequency rates. CIU, sending of sexts and risky offline activities were most strongly associated with combined bully-victims. The receiving of sexts was most strongly associated with combined bullies; and online grooming victimization was most strongly related to cyber bully-victims. Another important finding is that the associations between risky offline activities and combined bullying are stronger than for traditional and cyber bullying. The findings contribute to better understanding of the associations between varying bullying roles and risky online and offline activities among adolescents. In sum, the results underscore the need to promote life skills rather than adopting more conventional approaches, which focus almost exclusively on reduction of risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastian Wachs & Marianne Junger & Ruthaychonee Sittichai, 2015. "Traditional, Cyber and Combined Bullying Roles: Differences in Risky Online and Offline Activities," Societies, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-27, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:5:y:2015:i:1:p:109-135:d:46003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sengupta, Anirban & Chaudhuri, Anoshua, 2011. "Are social networking sites a source of online harassment for teens? Evidence from survey data," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 284-290, February.
    2. Ponzo, Michela, 2013. "Does bullying reduce educational achievement? An evaluation using matching estimators," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 1057-1078.
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    Cited by:

    1. Michelle F. Wright & Sebastian Wachs, 2023. "Cyberbullying Involvement and Depression among Elementary School, Middle School, High School, and University Students: The Role of Social Support and Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Michelle F. Wright & Sebastian Wachs, 2019. "Does Parental Mediation of Technology Use Moderate the Associations between Cyber Aggression Involvement and Substance Use? A Three-Year Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Efrati, Yaniv & Amichai-Hamburger, Yair, 2020. "Are adolescents who consume pornography different from those who engaged in online sexual activities?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    4. Michelle F. Wright & Sebastian Wachs, 2018. "Does Parental Mediation Moderate the Longitudinal Association among Bystanders and Perpetrators and Victims of Cyberbullying?," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-10, November.
    5. Inmaculada Méndez & Ana Belén Jorquera & Cecilia Ruiz Esteban & José Manuel García-Fernández, 2020. "Profiles of Mobile Phone Use, Cyberbullying, and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescents," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-10, November.
    6. Sebastian Wachs & Ludwig Bilz & Saskia M. Fischer & Michelle F. Wright, 2017. "Do Emotional Components of Alexithymia Mediate the Interplay between Cyberbullying Victimization and Perpetration?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-11, December.
    7. Inmaculada Méndez & Ana Belén Jorquera & Cecilia Ruiz Esteban & José Manuel García-Fernández, 2020. "Profiles of Problematic Internet Use in Bullying and Cyberbullying among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-11, September.
    8. Michelle F. Wright & Sebastian Wachs, 2020. "Adolescents’ Cyber Victimization: The Influence of Technologies, Gender, and Gender Stereotype Traits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-11, February.
    9. Sebastian Wachs & Michelle F. Wright & Manuel Gámez-Guadix & Nicola Döring, 2021. "How Are Consensual, Non-Consensual, and Pressured Sexting Linked to Depression and Self-Harm? The Moderating Effects of Demographic Variables," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-16, March.

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