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Flywheel Energy Storage for Automotive Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Magnus Hedlund

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

  • Johan Lundin

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

  • Juan De Santiago

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

  • Johan Abrahamsson

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

  • Hans Bernhoff

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

Abstract

A review of flywheel energy storage technology was made, with a special focus on the progress in automotive applications. We found that there are at least 26 university research groups and 27 companies contributing to flywheel technology development. Flywheels are seen to excel in high-power applications, placing them closer in functionality to supercapacitors than to batteries. Examples of flywheels optimized for vehicular applications were found with a specific power of 5.5 kW/kg and a specific energy of 3.5 Wh/kg. Another flywheel system had 3.15 kW/kg and 6.4 Wh/kg, which can be compared to a state-of-the-art supercapacitor vehicular system with 1.7 kW/kg and 2.3 Wh/kg, respectively. Flywheel energy storage is reaching maturity, with 500 flywheel power buffer systems being deployed for London buses (resulting in fuel savings of over 20%), 400 flywheels in operation for grid frequency regulation and many hundreds more installed for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. The industry estimates the mass-production cost of a specific consumer-car flywheel system to be 2000 USD. For regular cars, this system has been shown to save 35% fuel in the U.S. Federal Test Procedure (FTP) drive cycle.

Suggested Citation

  • Magnus Hedlund & Johan Lundin & Juan De Santiago & Johan Abrahamsson & Hans Bernhoff, 2015. "Flywheel Energy Storage for Automotive Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-28, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:10:p:10636-10663:d:56400
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Björn Nykvist & Måns Nilsson, 2015. "Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 5(4), pages 329-332, April.
    2. Johan Abrahamsson & Janaína Gonçalves De Oliveira & Juan De Santiago & Johan Lundin & Hans Bernhoff, 2012. "On the Efficiency of a Two-Power-Level Flywheel-Based All-Electric Driveline," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(8), pages 1-24, August.
    3. Bolund, Björn & Bernhoff, Hans & Leijon, Mats, 2007. "Flywheel energy and power storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 235-258, February.
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