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Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles

Author

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  • Yashraj Tripathy

    (Energy Innovation Centre (EIC), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

  • Andrew McGordon

    (Energy Innovation Centre (EIC), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

  • Anup Barai

    (Energy Innovation Centre (EIC), WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK)

Abstract

Today’s market leading electric vehicles, driven on typical UK motorways, have real-world range estimation inaccuracy of up to 27%, at around 10 °C outside temperature. The inaccuracy worsens for city driving or lower outside temperature. The reliability of range estimation largely depends on the accuracy of the battery’s underlying state estimators, e.g., state-of-charge and state-of-energy. This is affected by accuracy of the models embedded in the battery management system. The performance of these models fundamentally depends on experimentally obtained parameterisation and validation data. These experiments are mostly performed within thermal chambers, which maintain pre-set temperatures using forced air convection. Although these setups claim to maintain isothermal test conditions, they rarely do so. In this paper, we show that this is potentially the root-cause for deterioration of range estimation at low temperatures. This is because, while such setups produce results comparable to isothermal conditions at higher temperatures (25 °C), they fail to achieve isothermal conditions at sub-zero temperatures. Employing an immersed oil-cooled experimental setup, which can create close-to isothermal conditions, we show battery state estimation can be improved by reducing error from 49.3% to 11.7% at −15 °C. These findings provide a way forward towards improving range estimation in cold weather conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Yashraj Tripathy & Andrew McGordon & Anup Barai, 2020. "Improving Accessible Capacity Tracking at Low Ambient Temperatures for Range Estimation of Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:8:p:2021-:d:347435
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James Jeffs & Andrew McGordon & Alessandro Picarelli & Simon Robinson & Yashraj Tripathy & Widanalage Dhammika Widanage, 2018. "Complex Heat Pump Operational Mode Identification and Comparison for Use in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-24, August.
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    7. Yashraj Tripathy & Andrew McGordon & Chee Tong John Low, 2018. "A New Consideration for Validating Battery Performance at Low Ambient Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    8. Ardani, M.I. & Patel, Y. & Siddiq, A. & Offer, G.J. & Martinez-Botas, R.F., 2018. "Combined experimental and numerical evaluation of the differences between convective and conductive thermal control on the performance of a lithium ion cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 81-97.
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    1. James Jeffs & Truong Quang Dinh & Widanalage Dhammika Widanage & Andrew McGordon & Alessandro Picarelli, 2020. "Optimisation of Direct Battery Thermal Management for EVs Operating in Low-Temperature Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-35, November.

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