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Hybrid power sources (HPSs) for space applications: Analysis of PEMFC/Battery/SMES HPS under unknown load containing pulses

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  • Bizon, Nicu

Abstract

This study presents a brief review of Hybrid Power Sources (HPSs) for space applications to compare the results obtained for a HPS under unknown load containing pulses. The reliable technologies for energy sources and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) that can operate safety in extreme environments (very low temperature, intense radiation environments etc.) and under dynamic load demand (including load pulses) are compared based on the targets for power and energy density, efficiency, and lifetime. The pros and cons for HPS architectures and ESS topologies proposed in the literature are discussed in frame of optimization of the whole system. Two new optimization strategies were proposed to optimally operate the Fuel Cell (FC) system based on two control loops implemented based on the global optimization control of the boost DC-DC converter and the load-following control of the fuel flow rate or of the air flow rate. The comparative study performed (under constant load, dynamic load, and variable PV power) points out the advantages of one of the proposed optimization strategy in all performance indicators. For example, the gaps compared with the reference strategy are of 1.88%, 13.61 W/lpm, and 293 lpm for FC system efficiency, fuel consumption efficiency, and fuel economy, if the maximum load is considered. Also, different control methods are proposed at the ESS side to mitigate the load pulses (protecting the FC system) and regulate the DC voltage. The results obtained in this paper are discussed related to other ESS hybridizations and control solutions reported in the literature.

Suggested Citation

  • Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Hybrid power sources (HPSs) for space applications: Analysis of PEMFC/Battery/SMES HPS under unknown load containing pulses," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 14-37.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:105:y:2019:i:c:p:14-37
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.044
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    Cited by:

    1. Kafetzis, A. & Ziogou, C. & Panopoulos, K.D. & Papadopoulou, S. & Seferlis, P. & Voutetakis, S., 2020. "Energy management strategies based on hybrid automata for islanded microgrids with renewable sources, batteries and hydrogen," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    2. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Fuel saving strategy using real-time switching of the fueling regulators in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Djamila Rekioua, 2023. "Energy Storage Systems for Photovoltaic and Wind Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-26, May.
    4. Mohideen, Mohamedazeem M. & Liu, Yong & Ramakrishna, Seeram, 2020. "Recent progress of carbon dots and carbon nanotubes applied in oxygen reduction reaction of fuel cell for transportation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    5. Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong, 2021. "A Simple and Safe Strategy for Improving the Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell Vehicle," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-29, March.
    6. Nicu Bizon & Valentin Alexandru Stan & Angel Ciprian Cormos, 2019. "Optimization of the Fuel Cell Renewable Hybrid Power System Using the Control Mode of the Required Load Power on the DC Bus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-15, May.

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