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Energy management strategies based on hybrid automata for islanded microgrids with renewable sources, batteries and hydrogen

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  • Kafetzis, A.
  • Ziogou, C.
  • Panopoulos, K.D.
  • Papadopoulou, S.
  • Seferlis, P.
  • Voutetakis, S.

Abstract

In this work, an energy management strategy is proposed for the control of islanded off-grid energy systems with energy storage based on renewable energy sources. The proposed supervisory control framework is based on a hybrid automata algorithm which is combined with propositional-based logic, describing the transitions between different operating states of the integrated system's components. The algorithm can be extended to a variety of cases without compromising the operational objectives. Within the paper, four example cases of application are given. These example cases correspond to different load demands (industrial & residential) as well as different renewable energy sources including solar, wind, hydropower and biomass. In all cases the energy is stored in a combination of batteries and hydrogen (via electrolysis) and then used back in a fuel cell. Compared to the current energy solutions in the example cases based on diesel generation sets, a 95.6%–99.4% curtailment of fossil fuel consumption is achieved. The control algorithm manages to supply power without interruption to the current loads while ensuring the health of the storage components.

Suggested Citation

  • Kafetzis, A. & Ziogou, C. & Panopoulos, K.D. & Papadopoulou, S. & Seferlis, P. & Voutetakis, S., 2020. "Energy management strategies based on hybrid automata for islanded microgrids with renewable sources, batteries and hydrogen," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:134:y:2020:i:c:s1364032120304093
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110118
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    3. Maestre, V.M. & Ortiz, A. & Ortiz, I., 2021. "Challenges and prospects of renewable hydrogen-based strategies for full decarbonization of stationary power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    4. Luis Santiago Azuara-Grande & Santiago Arnaltes & Jaime Alonso-Martinez & Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo, 2021. "Comparison of Two Energy Management System Strategies for Real-Time Operation of Isolated Hybrid Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Wang, Xuejie & Li, Bingkang & Wang, Yuwei & Lu, Hao & Zhao, Huiru & Xue, Wanlei, 2022. "A bargaining game-based profit allocation method for the wind-hydrogen-storage combined system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    6. Chukwuma Ogbonnaya & Chamil Abeykoon & Adel Nasser & Ali Turan & Cyril Sunday Ume, 2021. "Prospects of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems in a Hydrogen Economy: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-33, October.
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