IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v7y2014i8p5317-5331d39297.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Beauty Leaf ( Calophyllum inophyllum ) Oil: Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammad I. Jahirul

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia)

  • Wenyong Koh

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia)

  • Richard J. Brown

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia)

  • Wijitha Senadeera

    (Biofuel Engine Research Facility (BERF), Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia)

  • Ian O'Hara

    (Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities (CTCB), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia)

  • Lalehvash Moghaddam

    (Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities (CTCB), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane 4000, Australia)

Abstract

In recent years, the beauty leaf plant ( Calophyllum Inophyllum ) is being considered as a potential 2nd generation biodiesel source due to high seed oil content, high fruit production rate, simple cultivation and ability to grow in a wide range of climate conditions. However, however, due to the high free fatty acid (FFA) content in this oil, the potential of this biodiesel feedstock is still unrealized, and little research has been undertaken on it. In this study, transesterification of beauty leaf oil to produce biodiesel has been investigated. A two-step biodiesel conversion method consisting of acid catalysed pre-esterification and alkali catalysed transesterification has been utilized. The three main factors that drive the biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester (FAME)) conversion from vegetable oil (triglycerides) were studied using response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken experimental design. The factors considered in this study were catalyst concentration, methanol to oil molar ratio and reaction temperature. Linear and full quadratic regression models were developed to predict FFA and FAME concentration and to optimize the reaction conditions. The significance of these factors and their interaction in both stages was determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The reaction conditions for the largest reduction in FFA concentration for acid catalysed pre-esterification was 30:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 10% (w/w) sulfuric acid catalyst loading and 75 °C reaction temperature. In the alkali catalysed transesterification process 7.5:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 1% (w/w) sodium methoxide catalyst loading and 55 °C reaction temperature were found to result in the highest FAME conversion. The good agreement between model outputs and experimental results demonstrated that this methodology may be useful for industrial process optimization for biodiesel production from beauty leaf oil and possibly other industrial processes as well.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad I. Jahirul & Wenyong Koh & Richard J. Brown & Wijitha Senadeera & Ian O'Hara & Lalehvash Moghaddam, 2014. "Biodiesel Production from Non-Edible Beauty Leaf ( Calophyllum inophyllum ) Oil: Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-15, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:8:p:5317-5331:d:39297
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/8/5317/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/8/5317/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohammad I. Jahirul & Mohammad G. Rasul & Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury & Nanjappa Ashwath, 2012. "Biofuels Production through Biomass Pyrolysis —A Technological Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(12), pages 1-50, November.
    2. Reijnders, L., 2006. "Conditions for the sustainability of biomass based fuel use," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 863-876, May.
    3. Martin L. Weitzman, 2007. "A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 45(3), pages 703-724, September.
    4. Stern,Nicholas, 2007. "The Economics of Climate Change," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521700801, October.
    5. Lin, Lin & Cunshan, Zhou & Vittayapadung, Saritporn & Xiangqian, Shen & Mingdong, Dong, 2011. "Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 1020-1031, April.
    6. Mohammed I. Jahirul & Richard J. Brown & Wijitha Senadeera & Ian M. O'Hara & Zoran D. Ristovski, 2013. "The Use of Artificial Neural Networks for Identifying Sustainable Biodiesel Feedstocks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-43, July.
    7. Fernando, Sandun & Karra, Prashanth & Hernandez, Rafael & Jha, Saroj Kumar, 2007. "Effect of incompletely converted soybean oil on biodiesel quality," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 844-851.
    8. Bozbas, Kahraman, 2008. "Biodiesel as an alternative motor fuel: Production and policies in the European Union," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 542-552, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Arumugam, A. & Ponnusami, V., 2019. "Biodiesel production from Calophyllum inophyllum oil a potential non-edible feedstock: An overview," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 459-471.
    2. Olatundun, Esther Adedayo & Borokini, Omowumi Oluwatumininu & Betiku, Eriola, 2020. "Cocoa pod husk-plantain peel blend as a novel green heterogeneous catalyst for renewable and sustainable honne oil biodiesel synthesis: A case of biowastes-to-wealth," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 163-175.
    3. Laureano Costarrosa & David Eduardo Leiva-Candia & Antonio José Cubero-Atienza & Juan José Ruiz & M. Pilar Dorado, 2018. "Optimization of the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Mg-Al Hydrotalcite Using Response Surface Methodology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-9, January.
    4. Veronica Winoto & Nuttawan Yoswathana, 2019. "Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using Nanomagnetic CaO-Based Catalysts with Subcritical Methanol Transesterification of Rubber Seed Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-13, January.
    5. Francisco Anguebes-Franseschi & Mohamed Abatal & Ali Bassam & Mauricio A. Escalante Soberanis & Oscar May Tzuc & Lauro Bucio-Galindo & Atl Victor Cordova Quiroz & Claudia Alejandra Aguilar Ucan & Migu, 2018. "Esterification Optimization of Crude African Palm Olein Using Response Surface Methodology and Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Farjana Faisal & Mohammad Golam Rasul & Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury & Md Islam Jahirul, 2024. "Optimisation of Process Parameters to Maximise the Oil Yield from Pyrolysis of Mixed Waste Plastics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-24, March.
    7. Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Wen Tong Chong & Lisa Aditya & Heri Hermansyah & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2017. "Life Cycle Cost and Sensitivity Analysis of Reutealis trisperma as Non-Edible Feedstock for Future Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-21, June.
    8. M. Anwar & M. G. Rasul & N. M. S. Hassan & M. I. Jahirul & Rezwanul Haque & M. M. Hasan & A. G. M. B. Mustayen & R. Karami & D. Schaller, 2022. "Stone Fruit Seed: A Source of Renewable Fuel for Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    9. Singh, Deepak Kumar & Tirkey, Jeewan Vachan, 2022. "Performance optimization through response surface methodology of an integrated coal gasification and CI engine fuelled with diesel and low-grade coal-based producer gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    10. Vigneshwar, V. & Krishnan, S. Yogesh & Kishna, R. Susanth & Srinath, R. & Ashok, B. & Nanthagopal, K., 2019. "Comprehensive review of Calophyllum inophyllum as a feasible alternate energy for CI engine applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    11. Mohammad I. Jahirul & Farhad M. Hossain & Mohammad G. Rasul & Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury, 2021. "A Review on the Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Tyres to Oil for Automobile Engine Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mohammed I. Jahirul & Richard J. Brown & Wijitha Senadeera & Ian M. O'Hara & Zoran D. Ristovski, 2013. "The Use of Artificial Neural Networks for Identifying Sustainable Biodiesel Feedstocks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(8), pages 1-43, July.
    2. Cesare Caputo & Ondřej Mašek, 2021. "SPEAR (Solar Pyrolysis Energy Access Reactor): Theoretical Design and Evaluation of a Small-Scale Low-Cost Pyrolysis Unit for Implementation in Rural Communities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-27, April.
    3. Atabani, A.E. & Silitonga, A.S. & Badruddin, Irfan Anjum & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Masjuki, H.H. & Mekhilef, S., 2012. "A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 2070-2093.
    4. Stéphane Hallegatte, 2008. "A Proposal for a New Prescriptive Discounting Scheme: The Intergenerational Discount Rate," Working Papers 2008.47, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    5. van den Bergh, J.C.J.M. & Botzen, W.J.W., 2015. "Monetary valuation of the social cost of CO2 emissions: A critical survey," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 33-46.
    6. Pycroft, Jonathan & Vergano, Lucia & Hope, Chris & Paci, Daniele & Ciscar, Juan Carlos, 2011. "A tale of tails: Uncertainty and the social cost of carbon dioxide," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 5, pages 1-29.
    7. Min Gong & David Krantz & Elke Weber, 2014. "Why Chinese discount future financial and environmental gains but not losses more than Americans," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 49(2), pages 103-124, October.
    8. Söderholm, Patrik & Pettersson, Fredrik, 2008. "Climate policy and the social cost of power generation: Impacts of the Swedish national emissions target," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 4154-4158, November.
    9. Bommier, Antoine & Lanz, Bruno & Zuber, Stéphane, 2015. "Models-as-usual for unusual risks? On the value of catastrophic climate change," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 1-22.
    10. Steve Newbold & Charles Griffiths & Christopher C. Moore & Ann Wolverton & Elizabeth Kopits, 2010. "The "Social Cost of Carbon" Made Simple," NCEE Working Paper Series 201007, National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, revised Aug 2010.
    11. Richard Tol, 2011. "Regulating knowledge monopolies: the case of the IPCC," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 108(4), pages 827-839, October.
    12. Melissa Dell & Benjamin F. Jones & Benjamin A. Olken, 2014. "What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 52(3), pages 740-798, September.
    13. Norman, Catherine S. & DECANIO, STEPHEN J & Fan, Lin, 2007. "Opportunities and Challenges for the 20th Anniversary of the Montréal Protocol," University of California at Santa Barbara, Economics Working Paper Series qt3t90g0gr, Department of Economics, UC Santa Barbara.
    14. Dietz, Simon & Gollier, Christian & Kessler, Louise, 2018. "The climate beta," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 258-274.
    15. van der Ploeg, Frederick & Rezai, Armon, 2017. "Cumulative emissions, unburnable fossil fuel, and the optimal carbon tax," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 216-222.
    16. Stefano Bartolini & Francesco Sarracino, 2021. "Happier and Sustainable. Possibilities for a post-growth society," Department of Economics University of Siena 855, Department of Economics, University of Siena.
    17. Tol, Richard S.J. & Yohe, Gary W., 2009. "The Stern Review: A deconstruction," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 1032-1040, March.
    18. John Quiggin, 2010. "Agriculture and global climate stabilization: a public good analysis," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 41(s1), pages 121-132, November.
    19. Deegen, Peter & Matolepszy, Kai, 2015. "Economic balancing of forest management under storm risk, the case of the Ore Mountains (Germany)," Journal of Forest Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 1-13.
    20. Philippe Aghion & Antoine Dechezleprêtre & David Hémous & Ralf Martin & John Van Reenen, 2016. "Carbon Taxes, Path Dependency, and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Auto Industry," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 124(1), pages 1-51.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:8:p:5317-5331:d:39297. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.