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Stone Fruit Seed: A Source of Renewable Fuel for Transport

Author

Listed:
  • M. Anwar

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia)

  • M. G. Rasul

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia)

  • N. M. S. Hassan

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia)

  • M. I. Jahirul

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia)

  • Rezwanul Haque

    (School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia)

  • M. M. Hasan

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia)

  • A. G. M. B. Mustayen

    (School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia)

  • R. Karami

    (Oil and Gas Research Center (OGRC), Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran)

  • D. Schaller

    (Southern Oil Refineries, Gladstone, QLD 4694, Australia)

Abstract

This study investigated the suitability of stone fruit seed as a source of biodiesel for transport. Stone fruit oil (SFO) was extracted from the seed and converted into biodiesel. The biodiesel yield of 95.75% was produced using the alkaline catalysed transesterification process with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt% (weight %), and a reaction temperature of 55 °C for 60 min. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined and found to be the closest match of standard diesel. The engine performance, emissions and combustion behaviour of a four-cylinder diesel engine fuelled with SFO biodiesel blends of 5%, 10% and 20% with diesel, v / v basis, were tested. The testing was performed at 100% engine load with speed ranging from 200 to 2400 rpm. The average brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of SFO blends were found to be 4.7% to 15.4% higher and 3.9% to 11.4% lower than those of diesel, respectively. The results also revealed that SFO biodiesel blends have marginally lower in-cylinder pressure and a higher heat release rate compared to diesel. The mass fraction burned results of SFO biodiesel blends were found to be slightly faster than those of diesel. The SFO biodiesel 5% blend produced about 1.9% higher NO x emissions and 17.4% lower unburnt HC with 23.4% lower particulate matter (PM) compared to diesel fuel. To summarise, SFO biodiesel blends are recommended as a suitable transport fuel for addressing engine emissions problems and improving combustion performance with a marginal sacrifice of engine efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Anwar & M. G. Rasul & N. M. S. Hassan & M. I. Jahirul & Rezwanul Haque & M. M. Hasan & A. G. M. B. Mustayen & R. Karami & D. Schaller, 2022. "Stone Fruit Seed: A Source of Renewable Fuel for Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-21, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:13:p:4667-:d:847941
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    References listed on IDEAS

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